[140] On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th and final state necessary to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave women the right to vote. [91][92], At the onset of the American Civil War, most Middle and West Tennesseans favored efforts to preserve their slavery-based economies, but many Middle Tennesseans were initially skeptical of secession. [241] Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Tennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. [268] Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. WebTennessee Back to Help Center BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee General Inquiries 1-423-535-5600 BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee 1 Cameron Hill Circle Chattanooga, TN 37402 www.bcbst.com Customer Service 1-423-535-5707 1-800-572-1003 Weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time Precertification 1-800-228-2096 [461] Tennessee's only graded stakes horserace, the Iroquois Steeplechase, is held in Nashville each May. 1 thing for teams, and Mississippi State had plenty. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. [54] Later that year, Daniel Boone, under Henderson's employment, blazed a trail from Fort Chiswell in Virginia through the Cumberland Gap, which became part of the Wilderness Road, a major thoroughfare into Tennessee and Kentucky. Tennessee has no tolled roads or bridges but has the sixth-highest mileage of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, which are utilized on freeways in the congestion-prone Nashville and Memphis metropolitan areas. [384] The state also has 74 general aviation airports and 148 heliports.[379]. [443], Tennessee is home to four major professional sports franchises:[444] the Tennessee Titans have played in the National Football League (NFL) since 1997,[445] the Nashville Predators have played in the National Hockey League (NHL) since 1998,[446] the Memphis Grizzlies have played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 2001,[447] and Nashville SC has played in Major League Soccer (MLS) since 2020. A few days after the fall of Chattanooga, Confederates led by James Longstreet unsuccessfully campaigned to take control of Knoxville by attacking Union General Ambrose Burnside's Fort Sanders. [380], Interstate 40 (I-40) is the longest Interstate Highway in Tennessee, traversing the state for 455 miles (732km). [119], The years after the Civil War were characterized by tension and unrest between blacks and former Confederates, the worst of which occurred in Memphis in 1866. [198] Most of these ridges are low, but some of the higher ones are commonly called mountains. Tennessee Governor Bill Lee's second term inauguration is set for Jan. 21, 2023. [121] In 1870, Southern Democrats regained control of the state legislature,[122] and over the next two decades, passed Jim Crow laws to enforce racial segregation. This is governed directly by the tribe. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fishery regulations outside of state parks. [271], Tennessee is included in most definitions of the Bible Belt, and is ranked as one of the nation's most religious states. About 14% of Tennesseans are non-religious, with 11% identifying as "Nothing in particular", 3% as agnostics, and 1% as atheists. [12] Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later the Southwest Territory, before its admission to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. [249] Its 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since the early 1990s and is one of the nation's fastest-growing metropolitan areas, with about 2 million residents. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. [290] Cash receipts for crops and livestock have an estimated annual value of $3.5 billion, and the agriculture sector has an estimated annual impact of $81 billion on the state's economy. [202] The Cumberland Mountains, with peaks above 3,500 feet (1,100m), comprise the northeastern part of the Appalachian Plateau in Tennessee, and the southeastern part of the Cumberland Plateau is divided by the Sequatchie Valley. I-26, although technically an eastwest interstate, begins in Kingsport and runs southwardly through Johnson City before exiting into North Carolina. The state's oldest rocks are igneous strata more than 1 billion years old found in the Blue Ridge Mountains,[189][190] and the youngest deposits in Tennessee are sands and silts in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain and river valleys that drain into the Mississippi River. [212] It ends at steep loess bluffs overlooking the Mississippi embayment, the westernmost physiographic division of Tennessee, which is part of the larger Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Under Brownlow's administration from 1865 to 1869, the legislature allowed African American men to vote, disenfranchised former Confederates, and took action against the Ku Klux Klan, which was founded in December 1865 in Pulaski as a vigilante group to advance former Confederates' interests. The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee was admitted to the union, and the second in 1834. [242] They can be severe, and the state leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes that have fatalities. [19][20][21] The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to Governor James Glen of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. Its Grand Divisions also manifest into distinct cultural regions, with East Tennessee commonly associated with Southern Appalachia,[345] and Middle and West Tennessee commonly associated with Upland Southern culture. [415][416] Republicans currently hold the state's U.S. Senate seats, 7 out of 9 Congressional seats, 73 out of 99 state House seats, and 27 out of 33 state Senate seats. [123], A number of epidemics swept through Tennessee in the years after the Civil War, including cholera in 1873, which devastated the Nashville area,[124] and yellow fever in 1878, which killed more than one-tenth of Memphis's residents. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. The Highway Patrol is the primary entity that enforces highway safety regulations and general non-wildlife state laws. [153] After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became an institution for scientific and technological research. [349][350] Notable authors with ties to Tennessee include Cormac McCarthy, Peter Taylor, James Agee, Francis Hodgson Burnett, Thomas S. Stribling, Ida B. [105] Union strength in Middle Tennessee was tested in a series of Confederate offensives beginning in the summer of 1862, which culminated in General William Rosecrans's Army of the Cumberland routing General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee at Stones River, another one of the war's costliest engagements. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. [67] President George Washington appointed William Blount as territorial governor. [173][174] The cleanup cost more than $1 billion and lasted until 2015. [434], Beginning in the early 21st century, Tennessee transitioned into a solid Republican state, primarily due to rural white voters who have rejected the increasing liberalism of the Democratic Party. [227] The Nashville Basin is renowned for its diversity of flora and fauna. Senator from Tennessee since Reconstruction. The Blue Ridge Mountains along the eastern border reach some of the highest elevations in eastern North America, and the Cumberland Plateau contains many scenic valleys and waterfalls. In 2016, the element tennessine was named for the state, largely in recognition of the roles played by Oak Ridge, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee in its discovery. Memphis 901 FC has played in the second-tier USL Championship since 2019. [309], Tennessee's commercial sector is dominated by a wide variety of companies, but its largest service industries include health care, transportation, music and entertainment, banking, and finance. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [22] The constitution was completed on February 6, which authorized elections for the state's new legislature, the Tennessee General Assembly. [201] The plateau's eastern edge is relatively distinct, but the western escarpment is irregular, containing several long, crooked stream valleys separated by rocky cliffs with numerous waterfalls. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. Fog is a persistent problem in some areas, especially in East Tennessee. [459], Tennessee is also home to the Bristol Motor Speedway, which features NASCAR Cup Series racing two weekends a year, routinely selling out more than 160,000 seats on each date. Constitution. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. [344], A culturally diverse state, Tennessee blends Appalachian and Southern flavors, which originate from its English, Scotch-Irish, and African roots, and has evolved as it has grown. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [88] East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region. [298] Tennessee also ranks second nationwide for mule breeding and the production of goat meat. [296][297] Other important cash crops in the state include hay, wheat, eggs, and snap beans. [430] During this time, Democratic presidential nominees from Southern states, including Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton, tended to fare better in Tennessee than their Northern counterparts, especially among split-ticket voters outside the metropolitan areas. [217] A small part of north-central Tennessee is in the Green River watershed. [85] In 1838 and 1839, U.S. troops forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees and their black slaves from their homes in southeastern Tennessee and forced them to march to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma. This time period has seen the birth of new economic sectors in the state and has positioned the Nashville and Clarksville metropolitan areas as two of the fastest-growing regions in the country. [70] The full legislature convened on August 25, 1794. [353][354] Nashville became known as "Music City", and the Grand Ole Opry remains the nation's longest-running radio show. [118] Johnson became vice president when Lincoln was reelected, and president after Lincoln's assassination in May 1865. ", "Yet again, Tennessee combined state, local sales tax rates nation's highest", "McMinnville, Tennessee: Nursery Capital of the World", Economic Impacts of Forestry and Forest Product Industries in Tennessee, "Who makes the most cars in North America? The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. The capital was previously in three other cities. Tennessee Governor Bill Lee's second term inauguration is set for Jan. 21, 2023. [27][28] By the early 18th century, most Natives in Tennessee had disappeared, most likely wiped out by diseases introduced by the Spaniards. [75][76] The legislature convened on March 28, 1796, and the next day, John Sevier was announced as the state's first governor. [321] Bituminous coal is mined in small quantities in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. [282] It is one of nine states that do not have a general income tax; the sales tax is the primary means of funding the government. [23] The names of the cultural groups who inhabited the area before European contact are unknown, but archaeologists have named several distinct cultural phases, including the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC1000 AD), and Mississippian (10001600 AD) periods. I-24 is an eastwest interstate that enters the state in Clarksville, passes through Nashville, and terminates in Chattanooga. ", "Appalachian Music: Examining Popular Assumptions", "Governor Appointed State School Board Members Process Requirements - Statutes, Rules and Regulations", "TDOE Releases 2020-21 Graduation Rate Data", "Education funding in TN reaches breaking point as BEP lawsuit advances", "Haslam marks University of Memphis independence from Board of Regents", "5 things to know about the Tennessee Promise Scholarship", "Tennessee Promise inspires national trend", "HBCU Schools in Tennessee - 2018 Ranking", "Gannett has now bought all but one of Tennessee's major newspapers", "Television Stations By State - Tennessee", "Report Card for Tennessee's Infrastructure", "TDOT chief says Nashville transit plan overlooked region, highways aren't at full capacity", "3 Reasons HOV Lanes Are Effective in Washington (and Can Work in Tennessee Too)", "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2015", "Memphis International Airport, aided by FedEx, named world's busiest cargo airport in 2020", "Amtrak proposes new routes, trains for Tennessee", "Music City Star upgrades closer for Wilson and East Davidson county train service", Economic Impact of Tennessee's Inland Waterways, "New Master Plan Charts Course For Port Of Memphis For Coming Decades", "Tennessee Says It Will Bring Back the Electric Chair", "Tennessee reinstates electric chair as death penalty option", "U.S. District Courts for the Districts of Tennessee", "Vision of Trust Management Model, Responsibility and Reform", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison Tennessee", "Chicago tribune. [411], The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians is Tennessee's only federally recognized Native American tribe. Four of these participate in the top level of college football, the Football Bowl Subdivision. [42], In the 1750s and 1760s, longhunters from Virginia explored much of East and Middle Tennessee. ORNL conducts scientific research in materials science, nuclear physics, energy, high-performance computing, systems biology, and national security, and is the largest national laboratory in the Department of Energy (DOE) system by size. [165] Also known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, the fair's theme was "Energy Turns the World". The governments of Davidson (Nashville), Moore (Lynchburg), and Trousdale (Hartsville) are consolidated with their county seats. [340] Tennessee is home to eight National Scenic Byways, including the Natchez Trace Parkway, the East Tennessee Crossing Byway, the Great River Road, the Norris Freeway, Cumberland National Scenic Byway, Sequatchie Valley Scenic Byway, The Trace, and the Cherohala Skyway. [154], After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Oak Ridge High School in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated. [99] In response, East Tennessee Unionists organized a convention in Knoxville with the goal of splitting the region to form a new state loyal to the Union. [308] A number of well-known brands originated in Tennessee, and even more are produced there. [385] Nashville is served by the Music City Star commuter rail service. Of the foreign-born population, approximately 42.7% were naturalized citizens and 57.3% non-citizens. [202] The Cumberland Trail traverses the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. Black bears are found in the Blue Ridge Mountains and on the Cumberland Plateau. [459] Tennessee State plays football in Division I's second level, the Football Championship Subdivision, while Belmont and Lipscomb do not have football teams. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. For areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are generally near freezing. [412], Tennessee's politics are currently dominated by the Republican Party. The highest recorded temperature was 113F (45C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930, while the lowest recorded temperature was 32F (36C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917. [437][438] In 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction,[439] and the following year the Republicans gained control of both houses of the state legislature for the first time since Reconstruction. Study finds more people moved to Tennessee in 2020", "More people moved to Tennessee, Texas, and Florida than any other states in 2020, according to data from U-Haul see the full ranking", "Selected Characteristics of the Foreign-born Population by Period of Entry into the United States", "Public Chapter 1101 The Tennessee Growth Policy Act", Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Tennessee: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report", "Church of God International Offices marks 50 years at Keith and 25th location", "Remarriage Issue Gives Denomination an Identity Crisis", "National Association of Free Will Baptists (NAFWB)", "Not New York: Book Business & Publishers in Nashville", "Union membership drops in Tennessee as legislature considers putting right to work laws in state constitution", "Tax policy: States with the highest and lowest taxes", "There are 9 US states with no income tax, but 2 of them still tax investment earnings", "Tennessee on its way to becoming a bona fide no-income-tax state in 2021", "What are the state and local sales tax rates in Tennessee? [425], Between the end of Reconstruction and the mid-20th century, Tennessee voted consistently Democratic in Presidential elections, except in two nationwide Republican landslides in the 1920s. [167][168] Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 with a yearlong celebration called "Tennessee 200". [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. The state of Tennessee is a place in the southeastern United States. The geography of Tennessee is unique. [191] Tennessee is considered seismically active and contains two major seismic zones, although destructive earthquakes rarely occur there. [279] In 2020, the state's per capita personal income was $30,869. [319] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power,[320] and today is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. WebThe University of Tennessee is comprised of the statewide Institute of Agriculture and Institute for Public Service Institute of Agriculture The UT Institute of Agriculture delivers real life solutions through $54.5 million in research, educational outreach to 3.3 million people and veterinary services to more than 21,000 animals annually. [400] It has a chief justice and four associate justices. Democratic strength is largely concentrated in Nashville, Memphis, and parts of Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. The Nashville market is the third-largest in the Upland South and the ninth-largest in the southeastern United States, according to Nielsen Media Research. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. [96], After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, secessionists in the state government led by Governor Isham Harris sought voter approval to sever ties with the United States, which was rejected in a referendum by a 5446% margin in February 1861. [388] Norfolk Southern Railway also operates lines in East and southwestern Tennessee. [421] Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South. [303] Ford is constructing an assembly plant in Stanton that is expected to be operational in 2025. [31] Cherokee peoples in Tennessee were known by European settlers as the Overhill Cherokee because they lived west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. It is tied with Missouri as the state bordering the most other states. Winters tend to be mild to cool, decreasing in temperature at higher elevations. [306][307] The state is also one of the top producers of food and drink products, its second-largest manufacturing sector. The state had two previous constitutions. [88] Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large plantation complexes in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase. [331] The park anchors a large tourism industry based primarily in nearby Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, which includes Dollywood, the most visited ticketed attraction in Tennessee. [462] The WGC Invitational is a PGA Tour golf tournament that has been held in Memphis since 1958. ] Tornadoes are possible throughout the state in Clarksville, passes through Nashville, Memphis, the. `` Tennessee 200 '' the Blue Ridge Mountains and on the Cumberland Trail traverses the eastern escarpment of United! 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