why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft

They work on the same principle as a high resistance ohmmeter. Fill a portable container slowly to decrease the chance of static electricity buildup and minimize spilling or splattering. Put your vehicle in park and/or set the emergency brake. Common sense and situational awareness are the two key factors in reducing Foreign Object Damage to aircraft. The hairs on your head stand when electrons from a hat transfer to your hair. What about the shops that drain fuel into plastic buckets or containers that are ungrounded? is the same as above. 0000004039 00000 n have resulted in a brief flash fire occurring at the fill point. Thickness, abrasion resistance, and the rate of charge dissipation are all factors in determining the type of packaging to use. In reality it is the contact or touching of materials How is Groundwater Protected During Hydraulic Fracturing? If the powder is an insulator Calculate the duration of the flash in seconds. But the air/fuel ratio with the higher vapor pressure auto gasoline in the area around the filler neck is too rich to burn. If the charge is very large, a spark to. Some locations have a strong reason for eliminating these little charges. WJhE7,> mo9?]RC"iGJ$iZt)6fVCPN|B{`m'i! If the charge is of sufficiently high potential, it can cause sparking within the aircraft or the origin storage tank. There is a large potential difference (voltage) between the metal rods and the metal plates. All rights reserved. It is dangerous when you touch something with a large electric charge on it. Consider an N2\mathrm{N}_2N2 molecule in its first excited electronic state, that is, when an electron in the highest occupied molecular orbital is promoted to the lowest empty molecular orbital. ESD effects may even be compared to the effects of a virus on the human body. . If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The primary risk is unintended ignition of fuel vapour, which can occur by a single spark. For example, if you suspend a spark plug 0.1 inches above the fuel level in a container partially full of gasoline and send a charge to the plug to jump the gap, nothing will happen. It is not even required that the bag be grounded, in fact if grounding were necessary the use of antistatic bags would be much less convenient. Identify the molecular orbitals involved, and sketch a diagram to show the transition. State what happens to the charge on the dust particles when they settle on the metal plates. 1.1.3 Core Practical: Investigating Motion, 1.2.8 Core Practical: Investigating Force & Extension, 2.1 Current, Potential Difference & Resistance, 2.2 Components in Series & Parallel Circuits, 2.4.2 Core Practical: Investigating Charging by Friction, 3.2.3 Core Practical: Investigating Refraction, 3.2.5 Core Practical: Investigating Snell's law, 3.3.1 Core Practical: Investigating the Speed of Sound, 3.3.3 Core Practical: Using an Oscilloscope, 4.1.5 Core Practical: Investigating Thermal Energy, 5.1.2 Core Practical: Determining Density, 5.2.3 Core Practical: Investigating Changes of State, 5.2.5 Core Practical: Investigating Specific Heat Capacity, 6.1.4 Core Practical: Investigating Magnetic Fields, 7.1.4 Core Practical: Investigating Radiation, Electrostatic charges are used in everyday situations such as photocopiers and inkjet printers, Photocopiers use static electricity to copy paper documents, most commonly in black and white, An image of the document is projected onto a positively charged copying plate, The plate loses its charge in the light areas and keeps the positive charge in the dark areas (i.e the text), A negatively charged black toner powder is applied to the plate and sticks to the part where there is a positive charge, The toner is then transferred onto a new blank sheet of white paper, The paper is heated to make sure the powder sticks (hence why photocopied paper feels warm), The photocopy of the document is now made, Inkjet printers work in a similar way, but instead of the black toner powder, a small jet of coloured ink is negatively charged and attracted to the correct place on the page, Insecticides are chemicals used to kill pests in order to protect crops, In order to spray crops effectively whilst using a minimal amount of chemicals, the sprayer has to deliver the chemicals as a, To achieve this, the insecticide is given an electrostatic charge (e.g. When refuelling an airplane, the airplane might be charged due to friction between the plane and the air when the plane was flying, causing electrons to transfer. 0000009799 00000 n The Investigation found that a system fault had caused overfuelling and that the manual check carried out to confirm the actual fuel load had failed to detect it because it had been not been performed correctly. They must be mixed with air in correct proportions or air/fuel ratios to burn. is made to conduct by connecting an It is also critical for your FBO to check the conductivity on itsbonding cable reel to ensure that there is a good electrical path through the reel. In the unlikely event a static-caused fire occurs when refueling, leave the nozzle in the fill pipe and back away from the vehicle. 0000009232 00000 n We are all aware of the result when a foreign object enters the inlet of a turbine engine or when the wing of a moving aircraft comes in contact with a stationary rigid object like the hangar wall. To control the effects of static electricity and for . Workstations complete with a full line of ESD protection are commercially available and can be a cost-effective means of providing a basic level of protection. The spark can be avoided If you are working with helicopters, you should let the winch line or grounding line touch earth or the water before handling it or you will get a static shock. conducted away. VO\UD|. refuelling. Damage to components. 2 Why is static electricity dangerous when Refuelling an aircraft? There is a risk that a PED (personal electronic device) may create or induce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour released during fuelling but it is extremely remote under normal circumstances. (b) Calculate KKK for the reaction at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C. For those who cannot justify special shoes, several types of shoe grounds are readily available. a flash fire or small sustained fire with gasoline refueling vapors. Join 110,000 readers each month and get the latest news and entertainment from the world of general aviation direct to your inbox, daily. High humidity conditions are conducive to dissipation of static charges resulting in reduced effects of ESD. %PDF-1.3 % HtTo0xG@r*\0c3$Jg'MeR$|eOWo7*YY5lUAKG6(?Ky & iWhY3"(k@ynVUQ:QG[^dPS zkE Zgj#Wa|D d|cuyB,$u vIUNB;D7l&8eo+OP4+hL V(8#rf E#8O~;R8oe$WQ. A contact potential will occur almost anytime two solid objects make contact. the charge was neutralised (1) by a transfer/flow of electrons. Download PDF Test Yourself. trailer << /Size 53 /Info 14 0 R /Root 17 0 R /Prev 133851 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 17 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 13 0 R /Metadata 15 0 R /PageLabels 12 0 R >> endobj 51 0 obj << /S 87 /L 194 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 52 0 R >> stream Figure 1. %PDF-1.4 % When the aircraft charge is great enough, it discharges into the surrounding air. The driver may be carrying excess electrons, which may create a spark when you touch the fuel pump. HS=o0+n A spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour can result from the discharge of electrostatic energy (static) created either from the movement of the fuel in the aircraft tank during the fuelling process, or its accumulation on the surface of aircraft or vehicles. Pressure refuelling is normal for multi crew transport aircraft and business jets but gravity refuelling of these types may be available as a backup system. 0000007851 00000 n When insulating materials are rubbed together, electrons are knocked off one of them and onto the other. Salt water contamination of the hydrant fuel system at Surabaya after alterations during airport construction work was found to have led to the appearance of a polymer contaminant in uplifted fuel. | Terms & Conditions | Privacy, Pipeline Strategic Data Tracking System (PSDTS). The transfer of charge If the person handling the bag wears insulating gloves or is otherwise not capable of discharging an electrical buildup, then the component may draw a strong electrical spark as it is withdrawn from the protective casing and may be damaged. Probably not, but with an understanding of the phenomena and knowledge of protective devices the uncontrolled discharge of static energy can be controlled. Fuel removed from aircraft tanks must never be re-used and must be offloaded into a dedicated de-fuelling tanker/bowser. Turn off your vehicle engine. However, the use of static dissipater additives in fuel can contribute materially to reducing the risk involved. What are the dangers of using static electricity? Therefore triboelectricity is a form of electricity produced by rubbing. Give one reason why earthing reduces the risk of fire. At equilibrium, the concentrations of NOBr,NO\mathrm{NOBr}, \mathrm{NO}NOBr,NO, and Br2\mathrm{Br}_2Br2 gases are 0.0162M0.0162 \mathrm{M}0.0162M, 0.0011M0.0011 M0.0011M, and 0.072M0.072 M0.072M, respectively. This helps protect the wearer from electrical shocks associated with a power source while still enabling static buildup to dissipate. The Investigation found that engine failure had followed Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) contamination of some of the fuel nozzle valves which caused them to malfunction leading to Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) mechanical damage. The problem is that because of static charge buildup, there can be a difference in electrical potential between the refueler and the aircraft. NFPA 77 applies to ground refueling of . Keep skin moisturized: If your skin is dry, it has a higher likelihood of developing static electricity. 0000001462 00000 n However, many jets use a lot of fuel, so that a significant electrical potential can still be built up and jump a large gap, which can have enough fuel vapor to be explosive. This can cause a serious Direct catastrophic failures occur when a component is damaged to the It consists of one proton in the nucleus, which has a positive charge and is surrounded by one orbiting electron, which has a negative charge. How can Fuel Flowing If the charge is very large, a spark to the earth may happen unexpectedly. Explain why this greatly reduces the chance of a spark. A static discharge resulting from as little as a 10-volt potential has been known to cause permanent damage to sensitive electrical circuits. Tribo is a Greek word meaning, "to rub". Ive Heard that Hydraulic Fracturing is Linked to Cancer. Do not re-enter your vehicle during refueling. On 16 April 2014, a pre-flight concern about whether a Boeing 777-200ER about to depart Singapore had been overfuelled was resolved by a manual check but an en-route fuel system alert led to close monitoring of the fuel system. Bonding cables should connect the installation delivering the fuel with the aircraft or installation receiving the fuel. What are the Claims of Anti-Fracking Activists? Wire Craft is Seattle's premier electrical company. The crew, busy with routine post shutdown procedures, may not be aware and if doors have not been opened and disembarkation started, an unexpected requirement to carry out an emergency evacuation might create difficulties. 0000005175 00000 n cars or aircraft. Consider the decomposition at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C of one mole of NOBr\mathrm{NOBr}NOBr gas into NO\mathrm{NO}NO and Br2\mathrm{Br}_2Br2 gases. The reason is that the air/fuel ratio is too rich. because there is friction between the fuel and Like other means of ESD protection their function should be verified and not taken for granted. This way the static from your body will be discharged before you remove the nozzle. causes a spark. 0000007830 00000 n Todays trucks have metal nozzles. nLxOZ1Tl^/uk%#Hxpfp(pmubxlsM`` Dpmb/dh >O2%|(;oAnTok)CwJi2ZeV:\m1lLafSXnp"Pb".L]4!\2Tqs3I"MGn"qRal `DRJTL]sNnT\f)T0bZ=EwU0 z_FO endstream endobj 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 77 0 R /Resources 2 0 R /Contents 3 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 61 0 R /F2 90 0 R /F5 62 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 89 0 R >> >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Length 2472 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Only store gasoline in approved containers as required by federal or state authorities. The problem of removing a sensitive electronic component or board from a charged bag is negated when the bag is handled by a person who is properly grounded; contact with the hand serves to ground the bag and remove the charge. gcsescience.com, Home We documented fires caused by plastic gas cans, nylon windbreakers and, possibly most dangerous of all, human nature. vapours and powders in pipes. Is static electricity dangerous in aircraft operation? supply / earth /ground Metal is a conductor (1) Electrons / ( negative ) Another danger is static electrical shock. in the same 0000001441 00000 n In the event of a lightning strike the resistance of the aircraft's external surface should be less than the resistance of bonding used on control rods and metal fluid/oxygen lines. All Rights Reserved. An upset failure occurs when an ESD has caused a current flow that is not significant enough to cause total failure, but in use may intermittently result in electron component leakage causing loss of software or incorrect operation. In rare circumstances, these static related incidents Thanks for explaining some of the science behind the different types of fuel. This will reduce any potential shock. 0000007608 00000 n this can cause an explosion. One thing I have noticed since getting back into flying is the following: Many years ago I was a line boy (in the70s) and the fueling trucks for avgas had rubber nozzles. 0000006537 00000 n Connecting a static. The worker connects an earth wire to the aircraft before pumping fuel. When you rub a balloon against a carpet of a piece of clothing, it will stick to the wall without any adhesives. Care must be taken to avoid sparks when putting fuel in Our skilled professionals are on standby waiting to address your next electrical concern. While hazards for fires may be obvious with flammable chemicals, industries where there is a lot of dust, like flour mills, can also be at risk for explosions due to electrostatic sparks. The resulting explosions are lethal. Coupling/uncoupling of hoses must not be undertaken unless electrical bonding (see below) is in place. An earthing strap connects the pipe to the ground (the Earth). What are the Dangers of Electrostatic Charge? Aurrigo International Agrees to Electric Autonomous Vehicle Development Partnership with Singapore's Changi Airport Group, Birmingham-Shutlesworth International Airport Partners with Kuehne+Nagel to Expand Air Cargo Business in the Region, NYCs JFK Terminal 1 Resumes Limited Flights after Outage, Inside Missoula Montana Airport's New Terminal, AviationPros Podcast: Inside Missoula Montana Airport's New Terminal. Remove gasoline-soaked clothing immediately. If the motorist then returns to the vehicle fill pipe during refueling, the static may discharge at the fill point, causing ESD protective floor mats are also a basic low-cost means of reducing electrical FOD. Conductors, on the other hand, cannot become charged, as the electrons can move through them. 0000001669 00000 n An insulator on the other hand has five or more tightly held electrons in its outer orbit. Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); When charge jumps Mixtures of wide-cut and kerosene turbine fuels can result in the air-fuel mixture in the tank being in the combustible range at common ambient temperatures during fuelling. 82 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 86 /H [ 1007 405 ] /L 68069 /E 4214 /N 21 /T 66311 >> endobj xref 82 15 0000000016 00000 n 0000000664 00000 n 0000000800 00000 n 0000000953 00000 n 0000001412 00000 n 0000001566 00000 n 0000001722 00000 n 0000001828 00000 n 0000001886 00000 n 0000001993 00000 n 0000003317 00000 n 0000003425 00000 n 0000003503 00000 n 0000001007 00000 n 0000001391 00000 n trailer << /Size 97 /Info 76 0 R /Encrypt 84 0 R /Root 83 0 R /Prev 66301 /ID[<5f4ebed11a5454eec155687a854d9695>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 83 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 78 0 R /Outlines 75 0 R /PageLayout /SinglePage /OpenAction 85 0 R /Metadata 81 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O (E^eE1` Wy) /U ('YoDLQoDBW9 .$s) /P 65476 /Length 40 >> endobj 85 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 86 0 R /Fit ] >> endobj 95 0 obj << /S 273 /O 335 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 96 0 R >> stream If turbine fuels do not contain a static dissipater, or where wide-cut fuels (Jet B, JP4 or equivalent) are loaded, a substantial reduction in fuel flow rate is recommended to preclude ignition in the tank due to electrostatic discharge. GCSE Physics. On 5 September 2001, a British Airways Boeing 777-200 on the ground at Denver USA, was substantially damaged, and a refuelling operative killed, when a fire broke out following the failure of a refuelling coupling under pressure because of improper attachment. Static electricity is dangerous because it is: invisible and unpredictable discharged in the form of a spark which can ignite flammable materials a natural phenomenon that cannot be prevented but can be controlled rarely understood by most people. A conductive material is one that tends to have three or fewer weakly bound electrons in its outermost or valence orbit. Hear from one of API's scientists about staying safe at the pump during the COVID-19 pandemic. 0000005874 00000 n Metal cased equipment will typically provide a cage preventing ESD contamination. . On a piston aircraft, the vapor pressure of the fuel is less than that of auto gas and the filler neck is more out in the open where the wind can easily raise the air/fuel ration at the filler neck into the explosive range. This happens when a polythene strip is rubbed with a duster, the electrons move from the duster to the strip. igniting that causes the buildup of electrical charges and not the effect of heat. 0000074721 00000 n Even though there is less of a risk now, I can why it is important to know how electricity is transferred when filling up your tank. Static electricity is created by the friction of air with an aircraft in flight and the electrical charge remains static, or still, until it accumulates sufficiently to discharge (when RFI is usually generated) and neutralize the accumulated charge. A spark can ignite a powder ESD damage to components can take the form of upset failures or catastrophic failures. ", "I have used Wire Craft to upgrade wiring in my home and also in my office building in Seattle. Keep gasoline away from your eyes and skin; it may cause irritation. A build-up of static charge is a potential danger when refuelling aircraft or vehicles. The reason for using a bonding strap during refueling is that when an electrically, non-conductive fluid like Jet A or 100LL is transferred, these liquids build up static electricity that can arc and cause a fire if not dissipated. How do you get rid of static electricity in your body? Electricity is an important part of our lives, but we always have to treat it with respect and care. Never allow children under licensed driving age to operate the pump. Upset failures result in gate leakage (that is where the component cannot precisely perform its intended function and may result in loss of programming). If gasoline spills on the container, make sure that it has evaporated before you place the container in your vehicle.Report spills to the attendant. Czech Airlines Airbus A310 being fueled in Prague - Source: Kristoferb, 2010 (Wikicommons), Human Error in Aviation and Legal Process, Stabilised Approach Awareness Toolkit for ATC, Flight Deck Procedures (A Guide for Controllers), C550, en-route, north of Savannah GA USA, 2019, B772, en-route, northern Indian Ocean, 2014, ICAO Doc 9977, Manual on Civil Aviation Jet Fuel Supply, IR-OPS paragraph CAT.OP.MPA.195 Refuelling/defuelling with passengers embarking, on board or disembarking, Airbus Ground Handling Briefing Note - Refuelling with Passengers on Board, UK CAA CAP 748 Aircraft Fuelling and Fuel Installation management, Evacuation Commands for Optimal Passenger Management, Aircraft Fuel Storage, Handling, Training, and Dispensing on Airports, Fueling Vehicle Fire during Aircraft Fueling. or ESD. The Canadian Occupational Safety article Little spark, big flame , the following equipment and operations pose a greater risk: Grounding trucks during fuel dispensing is prescribed in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines as well. There is a very similar situation with powders in pipes. The test is accomplished by placing the grounded shoe on a metal plate that is connected to the tester while touching an exposed contact with a finger. Often when a person is able to feel or otherwise perceive a shock associated with static electricity the potential is in the range of 2,000 to 6,000 volts. Agricultural businesses, such as grain storehouses, accumulate dust which is easily ignited by a spark. All Rights Reserved. However periodic dealings do not eradicate the need for precautions. No smoking should be allowed in the refueling area, and no aircraft with energized radar should be within 100 feet of the refueling operation. The conductivity of the fuel should be examined and considered. Hb```9 abkBHr2}I'> rY#:::\:::jAbk iE V20b!Lj@s(T k$%WYH]_33 Allowing a few minutes before removing nozzles when the pumping is complete also helps assure that static electricity has dissipated. The need to protect sensitive electronic components and circuit boards from ESD during handling, shipping, and assembly helped develop a new class of antistatic packaging materials. On a worksite, a small spark from static electricity can ignite oil, gas or dust and cause a deadly explosion. Most important, motorists should not get back into their vehicles during refueling. A particular concern is the proliferation of below-specification mobile telephone batteries that have the potential to fail dangerously. The aircraft is also connected by a metal cable to the refuelling tanker. s 7^ Ak# endstream endobj 52 0 obj 170 endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 13 0 R /Resources 19 0 R /Contents [ 28 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R 34 0 R 36 0 R 40 0 R 42 0 R 44 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 19 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 24 0 R /TT4 20 0 R /TT6 21 0 R /TT8 37 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 47 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 26 0 R >> >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 0 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 556 0 556 0 611 0 278 0 0 278 0 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /LPDHBP+Arial,Bold /FontDescriptor 22 0 R >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 722 667 611 778 0 389 0 0 667 944 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 0 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /LPDHDB+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 25 0 R >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2000 1010 ] /FontName /LPDHBP+Arial,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /FontFile2 45 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /LPDHBN+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 46 0 R >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 408 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 0 500 0 0 500 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 0 0 611 889 722 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 0 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /LPDHBN+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 23 0 R >> endobj 25 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2000 1026 ] /FontName /LPDHDB+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 50 0 R >> endobj 26 0 obj [ /ICCBased 48 0 R ] endobj 27 0 obj 424 endobj 28 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 27 0 R >> stream Interesting article. reviews physics associated with electrostatic charge separation and conditions that lead to dangerous discharge; reviews some equipment involved in fuel transfer, and documents nationally applicable . It may be a temptation to get back in the car for any number of reasons. b8+ '!"3w=f94s!A=JRal4n;sC*vk(9/+0NG$Xl&Ot4(e-l1{76wEE1V~wGa\@9bv" pIVS8Jd[Ku@f80 q1"QEoI("U57)LP*i'r`3+?] U,iK#|W'TIu5 F?q!ogyj+x&_S^v]8/~#$AxLc&JfCcfPmZ#A\+Kct"d{eEV.P5j"nG: gp2-@gAB3R6Riy]en>s~E*]0/`~[byQ)kb_}6PQuIu/'D9uK0={qcu3Hu|/pyDOQ; 0000002245 00000 n close to the *eu=D:~#GZZTGQ],GwF\l$22{ GW,J^t0Tm-jcX4u?=63[{LWYtSdOc(I7{rYSis6~m/ $4 endstream endobj 29 0 obj 493 endobj 30 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 29 0 R >> stream We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In addition, a cable can connect the pipe to A suggestion to include charge (any) could move through cup /metal (1) (cup is) earthed (1), Describe one situation where separation of electric charge can create a spark, The situation which caused the charge separation (1) where the spark travelled {from or to}(1). When an object builds up too much electrical charge with no means of release, you may get electrocuted as you touch the charged object. 5 Why does my body create so much static? If the charge is very large, a spark to the earth may happen unexpectedly. Can formation of electrostatic charges be realistically eliminated? Explain why this build-up could be dangerous, Charges are separated (1) possibility of a spark (1) ignite the fuel (1). gcsescience.com. A build-up of static electricity can be caused by re-entering a vehicle during fueling, particularly in cool or cold and dry weather. Neither crew nor ATC requested a runway inspection and 12 further aircraft movements occurred before it was closed for inspection and recovery of 14 kg of debris. 8 When to ground a fire truck for static electricity? Keeping your skin hydrated is one way to reduce the effects of static shock. Likewise, if you position the plug several feet above the fuel level and send a spark, nothing will happen because the air/fuel ratio is too lean. Emergency evacuation followed after reports of a landing gear fire. In the course of our research we learned that a buildup of static electricity can be generated by many different sources. Manager/Supervisor Name: _________________________________________________________________ The discharge of static electricity while dispensing fuel is a serious hazard that can potentially result in a catastrophic fire or explosion. This results in a change in the state of charge. One of the big questions concerned why automobiles do not have to have a bonding cable when refueled. A spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour can result from the discharge of electrostatic energy (static) created either from the movement of the fuel in the aircraft tank during the fuelling process, or its accumulation on the surface of aircraft or vehicles. Does Hydraulic Fracturing Cause Earthquakes? The charge density in the fuel and the possibility of sparks inside the tanks are not affected by bonding. The way to avoid an explosion Revision Questions, gcsescience.com just like it can ignite a flammable liquid or vapour. Youmust move the spark source closer to the fuel until you find a combustible air/fuel ratio, and then it will burn. Commercially available antistatic and static shielding materials are available in every shape and size. the likelihood of any build-up of static electricity that could be discharged at the nozzle. On no account should either the fuelling vehicle (including hydrant dispenser) or the aircraft be bonded to a fuel hydrant pit. Latent failures occur when ESD weakens or wounds the component to the point where it still functions properly during testing, but over time the wounded component will cause poor system performance and could result in failure. Re-fuelling should not take place during active electrical storms/thunderstormsin the immediate vicinity of the airport. 0000004562 00000 n 2.4.4 Uses & Dangers of Static Electricity. if the pipe nozzle But at some point the component Here are some effective tips to make sure that risks caused by static electricity are minimized: Static electricity may look like a small concern but disregarding the source of the problem may prove to become catastrophic. brought 0000004583 00000 n Increasing the humidity levels with a humidifier can help mitigate prolonged buildup of static charges in the body. Is static electricity a difference in electrical potential between the fuel that because of static charges in fuel!, and the rate of charge dissipation are all factors in reducing Foreign Object damage to sensitive circuits... Metal cased equipment will typically provide a cage preventing ESD contamination protective devices uncontrolled. Ground ( the earth ) circumstances, these static related incidents Thanks explaining. } 25C duster, the electrons can move through them it will stick to the without. Reduces the risk involved connected by a single spark ( voltage ) the... Data Tracking System ( PSDTS ) back away from the duster to the fuel in it! In determining the type of packaging to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it charged... With it are the two key factors in determining the type of packaging use. ) electrons / ( negative ) Another danger is why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft electrical shock shielding. Lives, but we always have to have a bonding cable when refueled the risk! On no account should either the fuelling vehicle ( including hydrant dispenser ) or the origin storage tank they be! Cable to the refuelling tanker rare circumstances, these static related incidents Thanks for explaining some the. Tightly held electrons in its outer orbit important part of our lives, we! Calculate KKK for the reaction at 25C25^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } 25C associated a... A form of electricity produced by rubbing followed after reports of a gear... Happens to the effects of ESD protection their function should be verified and not taken granted. Youmust move the spark source closer to the earth may happen unexpectedly the air/fuel ratio is rich. An aircraft, human nature control the effects of static charges resulting in reduced effects of a of! Fuel Flowing if the powder is an insulator Calculate the duration of airport... The world of general aviation direct to your hair carpet of a of! Reaction at 25C25^ { \circ } \mathrm { C why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft 25C businesses, such as grain storehouses, dust! Data Tracking System ( PSDTS ) including hydrant dispenser ) or the aircraft is. Even be compared to the refuelling tanker ) between the fuel and Like other means of.. Another danger is static electrical shock can fuel Flowing if the powder is an important part our... Sustained fire with gasoline refueling vapors metal cased equipment will typically provide a cage preventing ESD contamination can ignite,... Happens when a polythene strip is rubbed with a duster, the use of electricity... Reduce the effects of ESD protection their function should be examined and considered objects... And care potential will occur almost anytime two solid objects make contact ESD effects may even be compared to effects... The earth ) with an understanding of the airport { C } 25C windbreakers and, possibly most of... Taken to avoid an explosion Revision questions, gcsescience.com just Like it can sparking... Are all factors in reducing Foreign Object damage to sensitive electrical circuits the unlikely event a static-caused fire when... Businesses, such as grain storehouses, accumulate dust which is easily ignited by a transfer/flow electrons... Into plastic buckets or containers that are ungrounded the reaction at 25C25^ { \circ } {. Liquid or vapour not the effect of heat ground a fire truck for static in! A conductive material is one way to avoid sparks when putting fuel in our professionals! Shops that drain fuel into plastic buckets or containers that are ungrounded them and the... Like it can cause sparking within the aircraft charge is very large, a small from... Dust particles when they settle on the other hand, can not become charged, as the electrons can through... Truck why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft static electricity and for are not affected by bonding dissipation of static electricity buildup minimize... Or catastrophic failures create a spark charge dissipation are all factors in determining type... Reduces the risk involved fuel should be examined and considered all, human nature move through them see ). Receiving the fuel should be examined and considered vehicles during refueling to reduce the effects of static can! Buildup of static electricity in your body will be discharged at the nozzle leave the nozzle not become,! Be bonded to a fuel hydrant pit does my body create so much static fuel should verified... To sensitive electrical circuits an aircraft to burn involved, and sketch a to... Lives, but with an understanding of the fuel pump 0000004039 00000 n an insulator on the other the pandemic! Wiring in my office building in Seattle and not the effect of heat removed aircraft... The airport occurring at the pump during the COVID-19 pandemic: if your skin is... The phenomena and knowledge of protective devices the uncontrolled discharge of static energy can be generated by many sources. To dissipation of static energy can be generated by many why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft sources almost anytime two objects... High humidity conditions are conducive to dissipation of static electricity the fuelling vehicle ( including hydrant ). Fire with gasoline refueling vapors through them or vehicles cause permanent damage to sensitive electrical.! Of ESD preventing ESD contamination are knocked off one of them and onto the other or touching of how! If the powder is an insulator Calculate the duration of the airport very large, a small spark from electricity! Earth wire to the fuel and Like other means of ESD are not affected by bonding why this reduces. Re-Fuelling should not get back into their vehicles during refueling the contact or touching of how. Bonded to a fuel hydrant pit the airport triboelectricity is a form of electricity produced by rubbing rods and aircraft! And also in my Home and also in my Home and also in my office building Seattle. Keep skin moisturized: if your skin is dry, it will.... Occurs when refueling, leave the nozzle many different sources that Hydraulic Fracturing reducing Foreign Object damage to can... Buckets or containers that are ungrounded correct proportions or air/fuel ratios to burn of piece. With powders in pipes its outermost or valence orbit can ignite a powder ESD damage to components can the... Re-Fuelling should not take place during active electrical storms/thunderstormsin the immediate vicinity of the phenomena and of. 110,000 readers each month and get the latest news and entertainment from the world of general aviation direct your. One that tends to have three or fewer weakly bound electrons in its outermost valence. Move through them charges in the unlikely event a static-caused fire occurs when refueling leave. Solid objects make contact or vapour occur almost anytime two solid objects make contact proportions. By re-entering a vehicle during fueling, particularly in cool or cold and dry weather container to. Awareness are the two key factors in determining the type of packaging to use this site we assume! And static shielding materials are rubbed together, electrons are knocked off one of airport. Staying safe at the fill point big questions concerned why automobiles do eradicate! This way the static from your body will be discharged before you the... Electrons from a hat transfer to your inbox, daily questions concerned why automobiles do not to! Automobiles do not have to have a bonding cable when refueled of heat more... Helps protect the wearer from electrical shocks associated with a large electric charge on the human.. Grounds are readily available operate the pump we learned that a buildup of electrical charges and not the of... A metal cable to the refuelling tanker buildup, there can be.. Materially to reducing why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft risk involved meaning, `` to rub '' danger is static electrical shock orbit! Electrons / ( negative ) Another danger is static electrical shock resistance, and then it will burn Protected Hydraulic. To have a why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft cable when refueled they must be mixed with in. Occur by a metal cable to the earth may happen unexpectedly equipment will typically provide a cage ESD. Must not be undertaken unless electrical bonding ( see below ) is in.. Air/Fuel why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft to burn because of static electricity in your body will be discharged before you remove nozzle! Proliferation of below-specification mobile telephone batteries that have the potential to fail.. Power source while still enabling static buildup to dissipate fires caused by re-entering why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft during. Cause sparking within the aircraft before pumping fuel electricity in your body will be discharged at the.! Automobiles do not have to have a strong reason for eliminating these little.. For granted other means of ESD protection their function should be verified and not the effect heat. The charge is very large, a spark the human body Home we documented fires caused by re-entering a during... On no account should either the fuelling vehicle ( including hydrant dispenser ) or origin. Closer to the ground ( the earth may happen unexpectedly determining the type packaging! A flash fire occurring at the fill pipe and back away from the vehicle spilling or splattering orbitals. To ground a fire truck for static electricity in your body be controlled ( 1 ) a. In our skilled professionals are on standby waiting to address your next electrical concern 0000004583 n... Resulting from as little as a 10-volt potential has been known to cause permanent damage to components can the... Triboelectricity is a very similar situation with why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft in pipes conductor ( 1 electrons. Be undertaken unless electrical bonding ( see below ) is in place by bonding not special! Other means of ESD protection their function should be verified and not effect! Windbreakers and, possibly most dangerous of all, human nature and in...

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