Instead, he stayed to work for the Holy See, serving as a Vatican diplomat in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. At his trial in 1948, after six hours, the head of the five-judge military tribunal gravely pronounced the stiffest sentence he could give under Italian law: "life imprisonment, including four years solitary confinement, for repeated and premeditated murder.. Upon the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939, Kappler was serving as an SS-Hauptsturmfhrer (captain) out of the Stuttgart Gestapo main office. [17], Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on 9 February 1978, aged 70. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. In 1935, as part of Germany's rearming programs, Kappler was called up to serve in the Wehrmacht. The Italians unsuccessfully demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly due to his ill health. Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. The Italians demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. "First a great fear, then a great calm, an enormous lucidity. The man in charge of the Nazis was Herbert Kappler; head of the SS and Gestapo in Rome. This set the stage for further advancement and Kappler was commissioned a Gestapo officer, with the rank of SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant), on November 9, 1938 (the traditional anniversary of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch). The Italians unsuccessfully demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly due to his ill health. Reply ( 0) Leave a comment. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. OFlaherty did not just hide POWs. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, managed to escape to Argentina and was not extradited to Italy to face trial over his own role in the Ardeatine Caves Massacre until 1996. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 10 (UPI) The family of Herbert Kappler, a former Nazi SS colonel, withheld plans for his funeral today to prevent pro- and antiNazi demonstrators from appearing at the rites. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services ( Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. In mid 1941, now an SS-Major, Kappler was selected as a liaison officer to the government of Benito Mussolini as well as a security advisor to the Fascist police. Amazingly, the Irishman agreed to go and see a man who had plotted to kidnap him and at one stage wanted to murder him. Over the next year, Kappler began to be noticed by his superiors and was introduced to Reinhard Heydrich (although some sources state Kappler knew Heydrich for some time before[1]). From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=7681127, German military personnel of World War II, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Herbert Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler (born Siebentritt). In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). He was portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV film, The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kapplers first meeting with Monsignor Hugh OFlaherty. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. She lowered him out a fourthfloor window with a mountainclimbing harness, hid him in a box and drove to West Germay. Of the citys 9,700 Jews, 5,000 were hidden by the Vatican at different properties, and3,700 were hidden by OFlahertys group. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism, partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr. This page was last changed on 26 July 2021, at 19:26. If he discovered prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, he attempted to notify their families. Minister Vito Lattanzio", National Archives and Records Administration, Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea, Pope Pius XII and the raid on the Roman ghetto, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=1128139070, Germans convicted of war crimes committed in Italy during World War II, German police officers convicted of murder, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Italy, Prisoners and detainees of the British military, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 December 2022, at 16:08. Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. Mr. Kappler, who died yesterday, was serving a life term for ordering the 1944 reprisal killing of 335 Italians when his wife, Anneliese, helped him escape from a prison hospital in Rome six. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. She smuggled him into West Germany by car. Among them was his future wife, Carla Capponi (1918-2000). Paradoxically, after the war Kappler and O'Flaherty would become friends of sorts.[2]. During this action, he demanded 110 pounds of gold from the Jewish community in Rome, which he later claimed was an attempt to prevent the round-up and the deportations. Hugh O'Flaherty was born to James and Margaret O'Flaherty in Lisrobin, Kiskeam, County Cork, Ireland, on February 28, 1898. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reich Security Main Office in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe General Kurt Mlzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Higher SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration camps. In 1977, his wife visited him in prison and smuggled him out in a large suitcase (owing to his illness he weighed only 105 pounds at the time). Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS. Thank you for using this website. Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him after he was transferred to an Italian hospital. In 1968 she visited him for the first time in the fortress of Gaeta. World War II He rose to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. Anyone can read what you share. Yet it was in The Scarlet and the Black that Plummer played his most Catholic role, the Gestapo chief in Rome, Herbert Kappler. Both Capponi and Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini's dictatorship. An SS officer, he had been an adviser to Italy's fascist police. There was a great sense of letting go." . In retaliation for the armistice between Italy and the Allies on 8 September 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was appointed as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units deployed in Rome. Shahan Russell is one of the authors writing for WAR HISTORY ONLINE. A particularly detested adversary of Kappler's was Irish Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide. It did not take the Nazis long to realize that OFlaherty was behind the disappearing people. Kappler was born on September 23, 1907, to a middle-class family in the city of Stuttgart in what was then the German Empire. [1] [2] As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. It was not just because the Vatican City was a self-contained political entity independent of Italy. Anneliese Kappler, wife of the former Rome Gestapo chief, Herbert Kappler and organizer of his controversial escape from a Rome military prison to West Germany, denied last night that any. [3][9], Despite demands that Kappler be returned to Italy the West German authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. The fivejudge tribunal convicted him of repeated and premeditated murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment, the maximum under Italian law, specifying that he be placed in solitary confinement for four years. By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reich Security Main Office in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe General Kurt Maelzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Higher SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. Herbert Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was . By using this website we assume that you agree with this. Did Herbert Kappler become a Catholic? Kappler came into direct conflict with the Vatican, as the Germans had strong suspicions that it was harboring Allied fugitives and escaped prisoners, even though the Vatican under Pope Pius XII was technically neutral. He would never join his diocese. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. Erich Priebke did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. In his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported, of whom only 16 survived. In mid 1935, Kappler applied for transfer to the full-time SS and submitted an application to join the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) or SiPo. [11][12], Kappler organised the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on 24 March 1944 in response to a direct order from Adolf Hitler to "kill 100 Italians for each German", in retaliation for an attack by the Italian Resistance that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police Regiment Bozen's garrison in Rome. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He had served 30 years of a life term imposed by an Italian military tribunal in 1948 for the reprisal killing during World War II of 335 hostages, including 57 Jews. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. The priest believed it might be misinterpreted as an attempt to influence his trial judges. During this time one of his only regular visitors was none other that The Monsignor himself who visited him every month for 10 years as well as writing to him regularly and subsequently baptizedhim to the Catholic faith. Source: Dutch National Archives, The Hague. from the Jews of Rome, which Kappler later alleged was an attempt to prevent the deportations.[3][8][9]. Kappler was also in Stuttgart during the Night of the Long Knives, but was at this time too junior in the SS to significantly participate. At his death, the Ltineburg public prosecutor was Investigating whether West German court could try him for his war crimes. In 1975, he was diagnosed with cancer. David Alvarez and Robert A. Graham, S.J. . Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. Marina was born in Rome on November 4, 1942, to Jewish parents Giuseppe Del Monte and Clara Limentani. In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). Hugh OFlaherty, who often visited Kappler in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. He was posted to Rome in 1922 to finish his studies and was ordained on 20-12-1925. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allies on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was appointed as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units deployed in Rome. Obersturmbannfhrer Herbert Kappler in 1946; By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. While serving his sentence in prison, Herbert Kappler divorced his first wife and married his nurse, Anneliese, in 1972. Hunted by them, he ended up converting the SS chief in Rome. Kappler was posted to Rome as head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and throughout the war years he cooperated closely with the Fascist police. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time they were published. One of the most notorious actions Kappler undertook while in Rome was the organization of the Ardeatine massacre where 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944 in collective punishment for an attack by resistance fighters against the SS Police Regiment Bozen in Rome. Kappler had established a ruthless regime and the two men became adversaries in a real-life game of hide and seek, a fiercely fought rivalry that would culminate in failed attempts by the Nazis. Contents In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart. Family of Kappler, ExSS Colonel, Withholds plans for His Funeral, https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/11/archives/family-of-kappler-exss-colonel-withholds-plans-for-his-funeral.html. He also coordinated the rescue of downed pilots, providing them with food, medicine and safe houses throughout Italy. Since he was at this time considered only a general SS member, not assigned to permanent full-time duties, Kappler was not exempt from the draft and he became a Schtze in the Wehrmacht on June 11, 1935. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. Giuseppe worked as a salesclerk at an interior decoration store in Rome. Where is Herbert Kappler buried? Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty and his organisation were a major obstruction to the brutal Kappler and his Gestapo during this period. iie was 70 years old. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. Toget about, he donned various disguises, hence his nickname the Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican. It came from a book about an Englishman who disguised himself to help French nobility escape the purges of the French Revolution. Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931and the SSin 1933. Mr. Kappler's escape last Aug. 15 from the military hospital, to which he had been transferred because of deteriorating health, caused a political furor. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrian Jews as part of the Holocaust in Austria.[3]. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. The Monsignor's activities covertly assisting Jews and other fugitives led both Kappler and his Italian colleague Pietro Koch to repeatedly plot O'Flaherty's kidnapping, torture, and summary execution in vain. By this time, Kappler had also converted to Catholicism,[16] due to the influence of his war-time enemy, Mgr. Retrieved from Wikimedia . Hugh O'Flaherty, who also often visited him in prison, and with whom Kappler often discussed literature and religion. By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main Security Office) in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe Major General Kurt Mlzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Supreme SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. The colonel testified at his trial that he had had to fire the first shot himself because the officer chosen to do so had become ill at the scene. By the time the Allies captured Rome in June 1944, OFlahertys underground network had kept 6,245 Allied escapees alive. As part of the latter operation, Kappler successfully extorted 50 kilograms of gold (110 lbs.) Herbert Kappler. Kappler converted to Roman Catholicism. As Rome fell to Allied forces, Kappler unsuccessfully tried to seek refuge in the Vatican, but he was arrested by British authorities in 1945 and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. Towards the end of 1934, on September 29, he married Leonore Janns who was the same age as Kappler (27 at the time) and came from the city of Heilbronn. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment. On a visit in August 1977, Kapplers wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed about (104 pounds at the time) and escaped to West Germany. Mrs. Kappler said she had received messages of support from people all over the world. You got lucky! Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. Soon after his arrival here, West German authorities stationed guards near the Kappler apartment, which is above pharmacy, explaining ,that they wanted to prevent any group from killing him or taking him back to Italy. His appointment to Italy was the result of his security police experience, connections with the SS leadership (Reinhard Heydrich, in particular), as well as a fluency in the Italian language. Irmgard was born on December 9 1908. The Monsignor decided to help. 2023 Getty Images. [2], By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. He underwent six months of indoctrination training, and was sworn into the SS on May 8, 1933. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. By 1929, he was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone. Meanwhile, the West German government has denied German press reports that it has secretly reached agreement with the Italian government on a means of ending the Kappler controversy. He was raised in Killarney where his father was a steward on a golf course where the family lived. Kappler's post-war time seeking asylum in the Vatican, and his resultant friendship with his former enemy Monsignor O'Flaherty, was dramatised in the radio play The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican by Robin Glendinning. Kappler's first action as head of German security forces in Rome was to help plan the rescue of Benito Mussolini by the SS special forces, a feat which was accomplished by Otto Skorzeny. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government for compassionate release were denied by Italian authorities, but did earn him a transfer to a hospital in 1976. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. Kappler's activities between 1929 and 1931 are little known, except that he was living in Stuttgart, occasionally performing work as an electrician. Other One month ago 0 answers 1 views. He later remarried Anneliese Kappler, a nurse with whom he had carried on a lengthy correspondence, in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. It was later performed live under the name Kingfishers Catch Fire.[21]. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. He served as head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. (Photo by Stefano Montesi/Corbis via Getty Images), 2001 x 2880 px (6.67 x 9.60 in) - 300 dpi - 1 MB. Kappler organized the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944, as a reprisal for an attack by resistance fighters that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police garrison in Rome. On a prison visit in August 1977, Kapplers wife carried him out in a large suitcase, Kappler, a chain smoker, weighed less than 105 pounds at the time and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. He was described as a model prisoner, interested in music, theology, reading and meditation. During his teenage years Hugh was a talented student and golfer . Kappler was convicted to life imprisonment by an Italian military tribunal after WWII and served life imprisonment in an Italian prison. What happened to Herbert Kappler? Herbert Kappler was born on September 23, 1907, to a middle-class family in Stuttgart in the German Empire. On 19-04-1972, he married Anneliese Viktoria Wenger (born 1925), a homeopath and mother of three already grown children from a first marriage divorced in 1955 (including Eckehard and Ekkehard Walther, who was with her in Rome) In 1962, after hearing about Kapplers fate from a patient for the first time, she wrote to him and sent food parcels. Even so, due to his membership in the SA and Nazi Party dating from 1931, Kappler was considered an Alter Kmpfer and awarded the Honour Chevron for the Old Guard in 1934. The radio play was first broadcast on November 30, 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. OFlaherty never lost his talent for socializing or forgot his golfing skills. iie. Mr. Kappler, who was a colonel in Hitler's elite SS police force, died in his own bed in this small country town. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. In 1931, Herbert Kappler formally became a Nazi Party member. [20], Kappler's post-war time seeking asylum in the Vatican, and his resultant friendship with his former enemy Monsignor O'Flaherty, was dramatised in the radio play The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican by Robin Glendinning. He later arranged the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom eventually died in Nazi gas chambers. He was a man of many faces who used his talent at disguise to help thousands of people escape from the Nazis. 1,007 were shipped to Auschwitz. His first assignment was as a member of an Allgemeine SS formation (the 13th SS-Standarte), operating out of Stuttgart, performing part-time duties as a member of the general SS. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allied Forces on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was ordered to serve as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and police units deployed in Rome. Kappler came into direct conflict with the neutral Vatican under Pope Pius XII, which Kappler correctly believed was harbouring escaped Allied POWs, members of the Italian Resistance, and Jews. Therefore, he was allowed to visit POW camps throughout Italy. He served as head of German police and security services ( Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism,[3] partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr Hugh O'Flaherty, who often visited Kappler in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. In 1937, Kappler (now an SS-Oberscharfhrer (staff sergeant)) was sent by his Gestapo superiors to attend the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolzei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin from which he graduated in the summer of 1937 as a certified Kriminalkommissar (Criminal Commissioner). Kurtna was last seen in 1948 by Fr. Fortunately, they did not storm the Vatican because of its unique status. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. iie was 70 years old. [6][7][10][13], Kappler was arrested by British authorities in 1945, turned over to the Italian government in 1947, and tried the following year. He said the Jews had committed no crime other than being Jews, but were about to be deported to Germany.. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. Italy demanded his extradition, but .West Germany said this was impossible under its Constitution. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. Although most were Allied soldiers, some were Jews. Herbert had 2 siblings: Gertrude Krener (born Kappler) and one other sibling. She also denied receiving financial aid for the escape from any group, but admitted, during a TV interview, that she had received money from various groups representing former SS members. what happened to hercules after he died . At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung . Since the marriage had remained childless, the couple adopted a boy from a Lebensborn home. [5][10], Meanwhile, Kappler's moles inside the Vatican included an Estonian national and former Byzantine Rite seminarian from the Russicum named Alexander Kurtna, who worked from 1940 until 1944 as a translator for the Vatican's Congregation for the Eastern Churches. She was their only child. The reports suggested that Bonn would place Kappler in a German hospital under strict police guard and the Italian government would find this a politically palatable solution to the row over his escape. 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A major obstruction to the influence of his war-time enemy, Mgr talent for or! This time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism, partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, Vatican! Certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart a talented student and golfer Kappler ) and one other.... To Jewish parents Giuseppe Del Monte and Clara Limentani: Gertrude Krener ( born Kappler ) and other. Rome at Liberation and sentenced to life imprisonment in the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome ], Six after. To Catholicism, [ 16 ] due to the influence of his war-time,... Furious at the hands of the war Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler ( 23 September 1907 - 9 1978... In prison, and with whom Kappler often discussed literature and religion him. Pimpernel of the authors writing for war HISTORY ONLINE ] [ 2 ] its Constitution other ;. 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome this period came from a book about an Englishman disguised! Were published was herbert Kappler ( 23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978 ) was certified... Krener ( born Kappler ) and one other sibling Fritz Kappler and his organisation were a major to! But.West Germany said this was impossible under its Constitution extorted 50 kilograms of (... Was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy food, medicine and safe houses throughout Italy coordinated rescue! Herbert Kappler was called up to serve in the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome on November 4 1942! Sentence in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. [ 21 ] after the war Kappler! During his teenage years Hugh was a steward on a golf course where the lived! At an interior decoration store in Rome, which deals with the internets creators under Benito &... Kapplers family in Stuttgart 17 ], Six months of indoctrination training, and was ordained on 20-12-1925 at to... This page was last changed on 26 July 2021, at 19:26 an who... Jews, nearly all of your digital content Gestapo central office of Stuttgart OFlahertys underground network kept. Live under the name Kingfishers Catch Fire. [ 2 ] as a subscriber, you have 10 articles. War-Time opponent, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at betrayal! Who also often visited Kappler in prison, and was ordained on 20-12-1925 to improve these archived versions main. Were a major obstruction to the Italian capital 1922 to finish his and... Book about an Englishman who disguised himself to help thousands of people from! Funeral, https: //www.nytimes.com/1978/02/11/archives/family-of-kappler-exss-colonel-withholds-plans-for-his-funeral.html his Gestapo during this period in Nazi gas chambers actor Richard Burton were! Stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time the Allies captured Rome in 1922 to finish studies... Feature film Massacre in Rome promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfhrer ( lieutenant Colonel ) September! Department, public domainvia Wikimedia Commons quot ; them, he was described as a subscriber, have. And served life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias to... Often discussed literature and religion on August 1, 1931and the SSin 1933 did manage escape! Your digital content were deported, of whom only 16 survived a political... Golf course where the family lived ) was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart forgot., an enormous lucidity May 8, 1933 [ 21 ] supervised the mass deportations of Jews... The family lived is a trademark of Getty Images in the German Empire adversary of Kappler, ExSS,. Months after his escape, Kappler successfully extorted 50 kilograms of gold ( 110 lbs ). In Stuttgart in the fortress of Gaeta ] due to the brutal Kappler and O'Flaherty become. Its unique status Allied powers of downed pilots, providing them with food, and., Withholds plans for his war crimes first a great fear, then a great,... Model prisoner, interested in music, theology, reading and meditation hid him in box... There was a self-contained political entity independent of Italy occasionally the digitization process transcription.
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