Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) ABC News. (2011, November 11). If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. (2012, January 2). Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. The secret way to war: The Downing Street memo and the Iraq Wars buried history. Speier, J. Bess, M. (2008). Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. Bacevich, A. Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Wrangham, R. W. (2004). One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . Social science is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviours and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments. As one business writer put it, Collectively, it is our patriotic responsibility to help our nations servicemen and women thrive in todays economy (Gerber, 2012). Nuclear war is no longer a two-player game, as it largely was during the cold war, with the U.S. and NATO facing off against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. A social issue is a problem that reduces the quality of life of people. New York Times, p. A1. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. It represents a melding of research fields from social-network analysis to political . Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). Levy, J. S., & Thompson, W. R. (2010). Although this is almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for some hope, even as there is also cause for despair. Veterans in History and Society. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. Baker, L. (2012, February 18). Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. The second period is 19391945, when World War II killed 55 million people. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. Chapter 5: Sexual Orientation and Inequality, Chapter 15: Population and the Environment, Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars, http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm, http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg, Chapter 15 Population and the Environment, Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv, http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find, http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories, http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989, http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html, http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html, http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html, http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf, http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/, http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html, http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131, http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html, http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html, http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf, http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html, http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security, http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823, https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf, http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Although she survived, it took seventeen surgeries to turn her whole again. Students gain a deep understanding of the ways that social scientists and historians have analyzed the identities, experiences, and worldviews of U.S. military veterans. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. Stopping Americas most lethal export. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. (2012, January 12). There are many social and ethical issues surrounding the use and abuse of drugs. This education, extending over a period of nearly three years, is one based upon the very first principles of society, discipline, both mental and physical, and a recognition at once both of the. Explain your answer. International relations debates have become increasingly dominated by structural theories since Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. published their institutional argument in Power and Interdependence (1977). Danner, M. (2006). Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. These issues basically have two forms of impactfirst, the student's performance suffers, and second, the teacher starts having different . Identify two social science issues related to war. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Key features include: War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. : an American History (Eric Foner) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. While the US blows money on the military, Europe spends dough on social programs. Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Experts disagree over this issue. When one woman who was raped by two soldiers in Iraq told her commander, he threatened her with a charge of adultery because she was married (Speier, 2012). (2012, February 18). (2011). Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. Choose one of the five social institutions. His wife April had to quit her teaching job to take care of him, and their life savings slowly dwindled. Guns versus butter is a macroeconomics phrase that illustrates the dilemma that nations face in deciding their spending priorities. Choose one of the five social institutions. As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. The Nation. Washington, DC: Author. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. The di. Introduction. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Many of the social problems in society are connected in subtle ways, but all social problems are connected to the leadership of countries, corporations, and other groups. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). Choose one of the five social institutions. The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Supporters of this role say the military has both protected and advanced the political and economic interests of the United States, while critics, as we have seen, charge that the military has been an instrument of imperialism. The Validity Crisis: Dysfunctions in Social Psychological Science Go Way Beyond Failed Replications Here is a brief sampling of additional problems that threaten the integrity of social. Critics of the military budget argue that it is more accurate to cite its share of discretionary spending rather than its share of all federal spending (i.e., mandatory plus discretionary). Leitenberg, M. (2006). Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. Union of Concerned Scientists. New York Times. Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. Oscar Arias, a former president of Costa Rica and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, echoed these famous words from President Eisenhower when he wrote a decade ago that US military spending took money away from important domestic needs. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. It soon became the biggest social and economical problem for the whole world. . After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . This growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies latest... 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