[13], The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185051, the Reform Convention, addressed a number of issues important to western Virginians. A camera icon indicates items that are digitally available online. Yet the soil was rich, and some beautiful hillside farms developed during the days when Western Virginia was being settled and later, after West Virginia had become a state. Today, the zoological facility is of 338-acre (1.37km2) modern Wildlife Center under the direction of the Division of Natural Resources. was Col. James Wood, afterwards Clerk of the Court of Frederick, In combination, all of the records collected here will help you put the lives of your early West Virginia ancestors in historical context. 1 Join the community of family history enthusiasts and FamilySearch employees to ask questions and discuss potential product enhancements. The final installment of this sum was paid off in 1939. : Brderbund, c2000 Physical: 1 CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in. It further declared the pro-secession government in Richmond void and called for a reorganization of the state government, taking the line that all who adhered to the Ordinance of Secession had effectively vacated their offices. Although WEST VIRGINIA is used on this webpage for convenience, A master at competitive "warfare", Henry Rogers did not like to lose in his endeavors, and also had "deep pockets". Robert Hagar, Constitutional Convention delegate, quoted in, "Proclamation 100 Admitting West Virginia Into the Union", John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project, Lincoln and West Virginia Statehood* By J. Duane Squires Volume 24, Number 4 (July 1963), "Although early estimates noted that Union soldiers from the region outnumbered Confederates by more than three to one, more recent and detailed studies have concluded that there were nearly equal numbers of Union and Confederate soldiers. deeds recorded to Stephen Hunsonbeller. Van Meter, Thos. As those mines were playing out by the end of the 19th century, these men were among investors and industrialists who focused new interest on the largely untapped coal resources of West Virginia. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Abraham Pennington, Some West Virginia women also volunteered for military service, which was available to African American women. President Lincoln was in a close campaign when he won reelection in 1864 with the majority of the popular vote and 212 electoral votes, versus 21 electoral votes cast for his Democratic opponent. Edwards (2008) explores the roles of women volunteers in West Virginia during World War II. While the increase continued into the early 21st century, West Virginia lost 3.2 percent of its population between 2010 and 2020. Then, in the late 1700s and early 1800s, more land started to be cleared to build early forts and then towns as more settlers arrived. sixteen families went into the Shenandoah Valley and from that This historic period changed the way of living extends from a little before the 18th century Virginia and Pennsylvania region North American fur trade beginning on the Eastern Panhandle of the state. It included all areas west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, constituting all of present West Virginia. Appointed Lt. Most of the Cherokee claim within West Virginia, the southwestern part of the state, was sold to Virginia in 1770 by the Treaty of Lochaber. Hite was for one thousand and twenty acres (1,020). Enjoy the work of our webmasters, provide a link, do not copy their work. This wall stretched across the peninsula between the York and James rivers and protected the settlements on the eastern side of the lower Peninsula from Indians. [5] Little is known about the housing of Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods, but Woodland Indians lived in wigwams. Enjoy the work of our webmasters, provide a link, do not copy their work. Daniel Polsley, Lt. Curry, Richard Orr. In 1634, a palisade was built near Middle Plantation. Some FamilySearch centers and affiliate libraries maintain collections of previously loaned microfilms or microfiche. "The View from the Border: West Virginia Republicans and Women's Rights in the Age of Emancipation,", Gerofsky, Milton. Some history This, perhaps, will be sufficient to show that after When the United States Bureau of Mines was given more authority to regulate mine safety in the 1960s, safety awareness improved, and West Virginia coal mines became less dangerous.[44]. The governor, lieutenant-governor, the judiciary, sheriffs, and other county officers were to be elected by public vote. Genealogical records. list of names is given, perhaps most of the settlers of the Despite this tax and the lack of internal improvements in the west, the vote was 75,748 for and 11,063 against the new Constitution. (Five more counties were formed later, to result in the current 55). George Washington. included in a county to be called the county of Orange, being [50] 711 of the state's citizens died during the war. patent or grant of land west of the Blue Ridge was made to Jost Indiana, The recorded History of Virginia began with settlement of the geographic region now known as the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States, previously settled thousands of years ago by Native Americans. In 1671, General Abraham Wood, at the direction of Royal Governor William Berkeley of the Virginia Colony, sent the party of Thomas Batts and Robert Fallum into the West Virginia area. been some discussion on this subject through the publications of To note, it took the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution accomplished on December 6, 1865, to abolish slavery nationwide. Attention: This site does not support the current version of your web browser. and others. The first European settlers started arriving about 1730. The history of West Virginia stems from the 1861 Wheeling Convention, which was an assembly of northwestern Virginian Southern Unionists, who aimed to repeal the Ordinance of Secession that Virginia made during the American Civil War (18611865). In 1889, in the southern part of the state, along the Norfolk and Western rail lines, the important coal center of Bluefield, West Virginia was founded. HAWARA, West Bank (AP) A suspected Palestinian gunman on Monday shot and killed an Israeli motorist in the occupied West Bank, the latest bloodshed in a . Paleo-Indian culture appears by 10,500 BC in West Virginia passing along the major river valleys and ridge-line gap watersheds. By the spring stocking of 1963, the West Virginia Centennial year, Evans and Mace had supervised the spawning of good color and quality brood stock of the Mountain State's Centennial Golden Trout.[47]. It extended the vote to all white males 21 years or older. The first settlement in what became known as the Virginia Colony was Jamestown, which was founded in 1607. Gordon Battelle, an Ohio native who sought to introduce a resolution for gradual emancipation. [Source: Sketches of Wood County: Its Early History; as embraced in and connected with other Counties of West Virginia. Then follows Coal Expansion and Mine Wars (1883 to 1922), Cold War (1946 to 1990) - Decline of Coal, West Virginia and Regional History Center. Stoll, Steven. Locals forced him to take refuge in the Armory firehouse, later called "John Brown's Fort"; a unit of U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee stormed the firehouse and took Brown prisoner, almost killing him. Brown was quickly convicted of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, murder, and fomenting a slave insurrection, and was hanged on December 2. Early Land Grants and Settlers of West Virginia Some history of early settlements and land grants in West Virginia by W. S. Laidly, Esq., who has devoted much study to the subject. Following Confederate General Robert E. Lee's defeat at Cheat Mountain in the same year, supremacy in western Virginia was never again seriously challenged. Even in the 21st century, mining safety and ecological concerns are challenging to the state whose coal continues to power electrical generating plants in many other states. of New Jersey and New York 1710-1720 and Gov. The state's integration experiences were generally peaceful, swift and cooperative. Served as Acting Gov., Secretary of State and Attorney General, Served as Attorney General, High Sheriff and Col. of the Militia, served in House of Burgesses and was Sheriff in Stafford County. and 1750 and the following are those for whom [49], During the Vietnam War a total of 36,578 West Virginians served, with most beginning as teenagers. Meter. This item is available on microfilm at this FamilySearch center. When the First Wheeling Convention met, 425 delegates from 25 counties were present, but a division of sentiment soon arose. Counties in the east and south were settled mostly by eastern Virginians. It is one of the longest rivers in West Virginia. Second or third sons went out to the colonies to make their fortune, or entered the military and the clergy. The first steps toward this change had been taken, however, by the Republicans in 1870. The Second Wheeling Convention met as agreed on June 11, 1861, and adopted "A Declaration of the People of Virginia". West Virginia was one of five Civil War border states. The FamilySearch Library has microfilm copies of these records, including: 1748-1912 Land grants arranged by counties FS Library film 521685, first of 56 films. West Virginia's nickname is known as the "Mountain State" due to its landscape being largely covered by the Appalachian Mountains. County was formed in 1720 Served as Colonial Governor of Virginia 1635-1637. The issue was finally settled in 1915, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that West Virginia owed Virginia $12,393,929.50. an 1863 Copperhead editorial condemning the US Congress for accepting West Virginia as a state. acres, on Turkey Spring of Opeckon, dated October 3, [Webmasters On the following day, the convention chose Francis H. Pierpont as governor of the "Restored Government of Virginia", elected other officers, and adjourned. The property of Confederates might be confiscated, and, in 1866, a constitutional amendment disfranchising all who had given aid and comfort to the Confederacy was adopted. Lt. Failure of the eastern planter elite to make constitutional reforms exacerbated existing eastwest sectionalism in Virginia and contributed to Virginia's later split. Since the mid-20th century, West Virginia has experienced population declines due in large part to its citizens leaving for opportunities elsewhere. They lived in round (double post method) wicker sided and bark sheet roofed houses. 3000 acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Morgan Morgan, 1000 Early Settlement in the Eastern Panhandle The Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia borders Maryland and Virginia. Early railroads, shipping to East Coast and Great Lakes, New competitor helps open "Billion Dollar Coalfield", The West Virginia Statewide, Historic Preservation Plan 20092014, West Virginia Division of Culture and History. The first native settlers in southern West Virginia were the Mound Builders, also known as the Adena people. On July 13, 1709, Louis Michel, George Ritter, and Baron Christoph von Graffenried petitioned the King of England for a land grant in the Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown area, Jefferson County, in order to establish a Swiss colony. Early West Virginia Settlers, 1600s-1900s This database is comprised of fourteen books. a large number of other grants to others, "designed to be Youll find a list of all Revolutionary War soldiers who ever lived in West Virginia and an index to civilians who participated in the War effort. West Virginia's mines were considered so unsafe that immigration officials would not recommend them as a source of employment for immigrants, and those unskilled immigrants who did work in the coal mines were more susceptible to death or injury. Presbyterian Church, above Winchester. acres, October 3, 1734. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Benjamin Harden, l Lewis Starry, Robt. acres. In 1661, King Charles II of England had granted a company of gentleman the land between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, known as the Northern Neck. The same year German settlers from Pennsylvania founded New Mecklenburg, the present Shepherdstown, on the Potomac River, and others soon followed. Arrived in Jamestown in 1608, Served in House of Burgesses for Elizabeth City County. A most remarkable thing, for a boy The Early Settlers. 1732, this part of the country settled up very rapidly, and the Their living characteristics were more of a heritage from the Woodland Indians.[7]. whether there was others there before that date, unsettled. Cars burned by Jewish settlers during riots in Hawara, in the West Bank, near Nablus, February 27, 2023. gotten at this day. Industrialization in West Virginia produced conditions conducive to an organized labor . At the small rainbow trout hatchery in 1955, a yellow-mottled fingerling was noticed by Petersburg manager Vincent Evans. In 1863, the western region was admitted to the Union as a new separate state, initially planned to be called the State of Kanawha, but ultimately named West Virginia. The wall also served to contain cattle. The revised constitution was adopted on March 26, 1863, and on April 20, 1863, President Lincoln issued a proclamation admitting the state at the end of 60 days, on June 20, 1863. [30] Berkeley and Jefferson counties lying on the Potomac east of the mountains, in 1863, with the consent of the Reorganized government of Virginia voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia. The Virginia General Assembly repealed the act of cession and in 1866 brought suit against West Virginia asking the court to declare the two counties a part of Virginia. It is rare Mine accidents were considered inevitable, and mine safety did not appreciably improve the situation because of lax enforcement. [18] It was decided that if the ordinance were adopted (of which there was little doubt) another convention including the members-elect of the legislature should meet at Wheeling in June 1861. Meanwhile, officers for the new state were chosen, and Governor Pierpont moved the Restored Government to Alexandria from which he asserted jurisdiction over the counties of Virginia within the federal lines. Building the Virginian Railway cost $40 million by the time it was completed in 1909. [22] The May Convention resolved to meet again in June 1861 should the Ordinance of Secession be ratified by public poll on May 23, 1861, which was the case. During the American Revolution, the movement to create a state west of the Alleghenies was revived and a petition for the establishment of "Westsylvania" was presented to Congress, on the grounds that the mountains presented an almost impassable barrier to the east. ", Corbin, David Alan. 142 acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Thos. remarkable that he would go away out in a new country, infested In secret, but lawful collusion (in an era before U.S. antitrust laws were enacted), each declined to negotiate favorable rates with Page, nor did they offer to purchase his railroad, as they had many other short-lines. Bronson, Samuel Glass, David Logan, Fred Many ancient earthen mounds constructed by various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. The grant to Frederick was established by law in Spotsylvania I-II) -- Genealogy of some early families in Grant and Pleasant districts, Preston County, West Virginia -- Greenbrier pioneers and their homes / by Ruth Woods Dayton -- Roane County, West Virginia families / by William H. Bishop -- Pioneers and their homes in the upper Kanawha / by Ruth Woods Dayton -- Marriage records of Berkeley County, Virginia for the period 1781-1854, located at Berkeley County Court House, Martinsburg, W. Va. / compiled and edited by Guy L. Keesecker -- Mason County, West Virginia, marriages, 1806-1915 / compiled and edited by Julie Chapin Hesson, Sherman Gene Hesson & Jane J. Russell -- Early records, Hampshire County, Virginia, now West Virginia / compiled by Clara McCormack Sage and Laura Sage Jones -- West Virginia estate settlements : an index to wills, inventories, appraisements, land grants, and surveys to 1850 / compiled by Ross B. Johnson -- West Virginia revolutionary ancestors : whose services were non-military, and whose names, therefore, do not appear in Revolutionary indexes of soldiers and sailors / compiled by Anne Waller Ready -- West Virginians in the American Revolution / compiled by Ross B. Johnson -- The Soldiery of West Virginia : in the French and Indian War, Lord Dunmore's War, the Revolution, the later Indian wars, the Whiskey Insurrection, the second war with England, the War with Mexico, and addenda relating to West Virginia in the Civil War / the whole compiled from authentic sources by Virgil Anson Lewis. acres, dated October 3, 1734, Grant to Stephen [19] However, most of the pro-Confederate elements no longer considered themselves citizens of the United States; they saw themselves as citizens of another country (the Confederacy) and did not vote in elections sponsored by the United States. acres, dated 3 October 1734, Grant to Isaac Pennington, Governor of the Restored Government of Virginia, Second Wheeling Convention, August 16, 1861, quoted in Virgil Lewis, "How West Virginia Was Made", pg. The Virginia Colony became the wealthiest and most populated British colony in North America. Produced in collaboration with the Genealogical Publishing Company. acres, on Turkey Spring of Opeckon creek, dated 21 United States, West Virginia, Cabell - Genealogy, United States, West Virginia, Cabell - History, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - History, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - Genealogy, United States, West Virginia, Preston - Vital records, United States, West Virginia, Preston - Genealogy, United States, West Virginia, Greenbrier - History, United States, West Virginia, Greenbrier - Description and travel - Guidebooks, United States, West Virginia, Roane - History, United States, West Virginia, Roane - Genealogy, United States, West Virginia, Mason - Vital records, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - Vital records, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - Probate records, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - Military records, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - Land and property, United States, West Virginia, Hampshire - Census, United States, West Virginia - Probate records, United States, West Virginia - Land and property, United States, West Virginia - Military records, FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The western area focused its commerce on neighbors to the west, and many citizens felt that the more populous eastern areas were too dominant in the Virginia General Assembly and insensitive to their needs. Branson, 1370 "'This Bastard New Virginia': Slavery, West Virginia Exceptionalism, and the Secession Crisis,". Kindle Edition. Morgan ap Morgan, a Welshman, built a cabin near present-day Bunker Hill in Berkeley County in 1727. Representation in the house of delegates was apportioned on the basis of the census of 1850, counting whites only. 1748 - George Washington surveyed land in West Virginia. "West Virginia Women in World War II: The Role of Gender, Class, and Race in Shaping Wartime Volunteer Efforts,". McDowell and James County Voters, Property Surveyed by George Washington were all After the failure of the Roanoke colonies, investors in the Virginia Company of London were anxious to find profit farther to the north, and in April 1607 three ships of settlers arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. part of the same article. The first settlement in what became known as the Virginia Colony was Jamestown, which was founded in 1607. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Samuel Morris, 378 After a failed attempt to include woman suffrage as a state constitutional amendment in 1916, pro-suffrage Governor John J. Cornwell included the ratification of the federal amendment for woman suffrage in the agenda for a special legislative session in February 1920. overflowed to the Ohio and Kanawha Valleys, and went to help note: The 3 articles, Early Land Grants, Frederick Other significant rail carriers of coal were the Western Maryland Railway (WM), particularly notable was a latecomer, the Virginian Railway (VGN), built in an extraordinary manner to the latest and highest standards and completed in 1909. Although the Deepwater plan should have provided a competitive shipping market via either railroad, leaders of the two large railroads did not appreciate the scheme and sought to discourage competition in an area they considered theirs for expansion plans. "[32] Many private citizens were arrested by federal authorities at the request of Wheeling and interned in prison camps, most notably Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio. In 1991, both state legislatures appropriated money for a boundary commission to look into 15 miles (24km) of the border area. In March 1761, Robert Harper obtained a permit to operate a ferry across the Shenandoah River at present-day Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to William Jay 100 [16][17] Almost immediately after the adoption of the ordinance, a mass meeting at Clarksburg recommended that each county in northwestern Virginia send delegates to a convention to meet in Wheeling on May 13, 1861. The constitutionality of the new state was achieved when the Unionist government of Virginia approved the division. By 1900, only a large area of the most rugged terrain of southern West Virginia was any distance from the existing railroads and mining activity. However, in 1736 the Iroquois Six Nations protested Virginia's colonization beyond the demarcated Blue Ridge, and a skirmish was fought in 1743. [10] Other tribes, notably the Shawnee and Cherokee, used the resources of the region as well. Other Early Settlers [Source documents noted] ADAMS, Ebenezer (d. 1735) New Kent county; son of Richard Adams, of Abridge, Essex, citizen and merchant tailor of London. ; no. This unique collection of family and local histories, marriage records, military records, and court records references approximately 200,000 individuals. Well-engineered and highly efficient with all new infrastructure, it operated very profitably. Virginians led by former Confederate General William Mahone formed a political coalition based upon this theory, the Readjuster Party. Elizabeth Cometti, and Festus P. Summers. Harris. Frustrated by bad economic conditions and what they perceive to be neglect from the Charleston government, this movement has gained at least some momentum. He was a merchant tailor and coroner and achieved enough . Illinois and Missouri. [34] In addition, a large portion of the state was secessionist,[35] and any polls there had to be conducted under military intervention. 3, No. Fairfax's daughter Anne married Warner Washington, 1st cousin of President George Washginton, Served as Governor of Virginia from 1727 until 1749, named, Father of Patrick Henry, American Founding Father. Soon after this, white settlers began moving into the Greater Shenandoah-Potomac Valley making up the entire eastern portion of the state. In this Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, Captain Christopher Newport, Captain John Ratcliffe, Captain Gabriel Archer, and Captain Edward Wingfield were in charge of the expedition. acres, October 3. [24] It was this June Convention which drafted the statehood resolution. Meter, who had obtained orders of our said Lieutenant-Governor, Arthur Laidley, elected to the General Assembly from Cabell County, attended the June Convention but refused to take part. Major crises in the Virginia state government over these differences were averted on more than one occasion during the period before the American Civil War, but the underlying problems were fundamental and never well resolved. Hite. As the war went on, many citizens began to turn against the conflict. After the 1730s, Virginia enacted a law that promised free land to new settlers, encouraging them to move west and form new colonies. 1734, Grant to Daniel Burnett, 490 Complete listing of Early Virginia Immigrants, 1623-1666 (from book published 1912 by George Cabell Greer, now copyright-free) Each line contains from left to right: LAST & FIRST - Name of immigrant who came to America ARRIVAL - Year of immigrant arrival SPONSOR - Name of sponsoring person(s) paying passage of immigrant COUNTY - County in which sponsor received land for payment of passage . others that then in 1732 that came, but their West Virginia University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action 1734, Grant to Josiah Jones, 104 At this time, West Virginia had nearly 70,000 qualified voters, and the May 23, 1861 vote to secede had drawn nearly 54,000 voters. A delegate representing Logan County was accepted as a member of this body, though he did not live in Logan County, and his "credentials consisted of a petition signed by fifteen persons representing six families". There has 1738 the Varices, Glasses, Hoges, Wilsons, Frys, The backcountry frontier of colonial Virginia reached westward from the Blue Ridge Mountains to the farthest extent of Virginia settlement in the eighteenth century. The enterprise, fraught with disease, dissension, and determined . Original Home of Col. John Evans, Morgantown, W. Va. Group Poses with Fairfax Stone, Tucker County, W. Va. WVU Libraries West Virginia Within this area west of the New River Coalfield in Raleigh and Wyoming counties lay the Winding Gulf Coalfield, later promoted as the "Billion Dollar Coalfield.". [6] They were farmers who cultivated large fields around their villages, concentrating on corn, beans, tubers, sunflowers, gourds and many types of squash including the pumpkin. Magazine, Quarterly, January 1903, Vol. Efforts to block Page and Rogers through many legal tactics and even several violent confrontations ultimately failed. Wilson, Jno. Many would join other tribes and remove to the midwest regions as settlers arrived in the state. Early settlers did not find the area particularly inviting, so the population was sparse during the 18th and 19th centuries. Those not voting were Thomas Maslin of Hardy County and Benjamin Wilson of Harrison County. Early settlers like people of German descent started to arrive in the 1700s. seventeenth day of June, 1730. "Betrayal in the West Virginia Coal Fields: Eugene V. Debs and the Socialist Party of America, 19121914,", Edwards, Pamela. The Jamestown settlement, established in 1607, was the seat of England's first permanent colony in North America. Copyright August @2011 -2023 First to successfully cultivate tobacco in Colony; married Pocohontas. John Brown (18001859), an abolitionist who saw slavery as a sin against God, led a successful anti-slavery movement in Kansas (see Bleeding Kansas), and hoped to strike a decisive blow against Southern slavery, creating a massive "underground railroad"type project, in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, that would assist the enslaved in running away and becoming free. Orange in 1734 Western Virginia became sharply divided over the issue of secession from the Union, leading to the separation from Virginia, and formalized by West Virginia's admittance to the Union as a new state in 1863. Middle and Late Woodland people include Middle Woodland Watson pottery people, Late Woodland Wood Phase, Late Hopewell at Romney, Montana (late Woodland AD 5001000), Wilhelm culture (Late Middle Woodland, c. AD 1~500), Armstrong (Late Middle Woodland, c. AD 1~500), Buck Garden (Late Woodland AD 5001200), Childers Phase (Late Middle Woodland c. 400 AD), and Parkline Phase (Late Woodland AD 750~1000). Morgan Morgan. "Charles Ambler's Sectionalism in Virginia: An Appreciation,". In early 1904, the Tidewater Railway, a new railroad, was quietly formed in Virginia by a Rogers attorney. Harron, Geo. Newer technology has since proved that West Virginia has enough salt resources to supply the nation's needs for an estimated 2,000 years. Luptons. Their railroad was renamed Norfolk and Western (N&W), and a new railroad city was developed at Roanoke to handle planned expansion. As a result, both English and French built forts throughout West Virginia and Pennsylvania and this area would become the main battlefields of the French and Indian War. West Virginia is a state now, and the Industrial Revolution is taking place. However, if the C&O and N&W presidents thought they could thus kill the Page project, they were to be proved mistaken. that so many names of the early settlers of any region can be This strategy was a success, and West Virginia became the 34th of the 36 states needed to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The increase continued into the early 21st century, West Virginia is a state 1915, when the government. June 11, 1861, and the clergy the mid-20th century, Virginia. Virginia lost 3.2 percent of its population between 2010 and 2020 October 3, 1734, Grant to Benjamin,! The Virginian Railway cost $ 40 million by the Republicans in 1870 reforms exacerbated eastwest... Its population between 2010 and 2020, used the early west virginia settlers of the census of 1850, whites. Pennsylvania founded New Mecklenburg, the present Shepherdstown, on the Potomac River and! 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