The study of the copies of a written document whose original (the autograph) is unknown or non-existent, for the primary purpose of determining the exact wording of the original. Paul, just because the NKJV is more elegant in rendering lifeblood instead of blood or bloodshed instead of shed blood does not support the nonsensical argument that the NKJV deleted words. , , ; , , ; . The core message of the gospel isnt compromised in any of these documents. Thank you. 7. Im honestly not sure why its dismissed so easily. However, to simply say their Critical Text is bad because of their personal views is problematic. I assume the author of this article knows that the Hebrew word in question is also translated correctly every one of them. Not brining this out may have been an error in thorough study, or intentional bias. I dont believe my view on the text issue will mean much to you because we disagree on a very fundamental area that is clearly taught in Scripture: the preservation of Gods Word through all generations. About the myth of Erasmus backtranslation, this site references some sources: there are only 2 streams of bible versions, the true text of the textus receptus (majority text) on which the king james version is based, and those which picked up the alexandrian manuscripts (minority text), the codex alexandrian, codex sinaiticus and codex vaticanus which have been shown to have deleted and changed many parts of the text and My personal opinion is that the Majority text is an excellent starting point. The science of assembling these manuscripts is called Textual Criticism, and you can consider this a complete Textual Criticism 101 article because well look at these topics in exhaustive detail. . Here is an excellent definition of Textual Criticism from Dan Wallace, who is one of the most respected Textual Critics in the world today. We know that Gods Word has not been hidden or lost to man, since it was first spoken and recorded in Gods written revelation. When two copies disagree with each other, you have a variant in the text between two documents: this is (unsurprisingly) called a Textual Variant. (More on this in a moment.). One of the greatest supporters of the Critical Text is Daniel Wallace. The Word of God is truth (Hebrews 4:12; Psalms 18:30; Psalms 19:8; Psalms 119:140; II Samuel 22:31; Proverbs 30:5). (The long is discarded because of its poor quality) In the New Testament its the complete opposite, except the discarding of the poor quality of the Western Text. Isnt this assuming that the majority extant MSS we have today are a true representation of the majaroity texts that were actually copied?. Messianic prophecies are out of context! However, the Confessional Position argues that it doesnt matter if God inspired the Scriptures if He didnt preserve them too. I would be very interested to hear your views on this topic. There are several. Here is the website There are variations within each family, but overall their Textual Variants share a familial linkage with other members of their family. I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. The Alexandrian text type will need little introduction because nearly all modern Bibles are based on the Alexandrian text type. NETS, New English Translation of the Septuagint Accessed March 26, 2011, 2. My question is if the Critical Text is the text behind the NASB and comes primarily from two manuscripts that are of dubious quality, why do you prefer the NASB? Any reading overwhelmingly attested by the manuscript tradition is more likely to be original than its rival(s).. He also was responsible for the publication of Ruth in the Biblia Hebraica Quinta: General Introduction and Megilloth fascicle. Most people who hold the Confessional Position would say that a Bible from other Greek texts (such as the Majority Text or Critical Text) contain the scriptures, just not all of them. that errors never disappear but instead are copied down through the generations. The B-I-B-L-E. In modern times, all of these various Greek manuscripts weve just discussed are called the Textus Receptus. Note: it will sound like Im strongly biased in favor of the Majority Text while I present the pro side of the argument. So no, this verse doesnt teach the Doctrine of Preservation. Again, the only reason they didnt give them any weight was because they (incorrectly) believed the Byzantine text was a combination of the Western and Alexandrian Text types. You should keep your mouth shut. How does this article fold in with the Best Bible Version article? For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.. It seems even more like a stretch when you know the definition of the Hebrew word. (Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland). Those copies were copied, which were copied, which were copied, which were. Origen, the Alexandrian church father in the early third century, said: the differences among the manuscripts [of the Gospels] have become great, either through the negligence of some copyists or through the perverse audacity of others; they either neglect to check over what they have transcribed, or, in the process of checking, they lengthen or shorten, as they please., Origen is of course speaking of the manuscripts of his location, Alexandria, Egypt. I deal with people, mostly Jews, who see errors in the New Testament, so I must know how to defend Gods words. Is this true? I just bought a World English Bible.This is where the World English Bible (also known as the WEB Bible) comes to the rescue. Most of the men were curious about my reference to textual critisism so I thought Id include a link for further reading. This method applies a series of rules to the various manuscripts weve found (well look at those rules in a moment). Your treating of the KJV reveals you have little concern for text and more concern for your understanding. Thank you. Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts, yet Irenaeus admits that it was already corrupted within just a few decades of the writing of the Apocalypse, I prefer to judge a work based on its merits, not what the authors, Think of the vile Textus Receptus leaning entirely on late MSS, As soon as the numbers of a minority exceed what can be explained by accidental coincidence, their agreement , A theoretical presumption indeed remains that, Once a variant reading appears in a manuscript, it doesnt simply go away. Ive had an NIV Bible for a long time and stumbled across some KJV only preachers on youtube who challenged my translation. Ill freely admit that this article isnt practical for most Christians. I have strong views on some scripture that I share with very few. According toHerman C. Hoskier, there are, without counting errors ofiotacism, 3,036 textual variations between Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in the text of the Gospels alone, Assuming that the same ratio of variants persists in the rest of the New Testament and doing the math, thats ~3434 additional variants, for a total of ~6470 variants between them. I even purchased an interlinear bible because I wanted to know what was really said. Reasoned Eclecticism or the Critical Text Theory. This is my second reading of your article. This is the Greek New Testament edited by B. F. Westcott and F. J. Throughout Europe the Elzevir editions came to occupy a place of honor, and their text was employed as the standard one for commentary and collation. And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, in order that in the coming ages he might show the incomparable riches of his grace, expressed in his kindness to us in Christ Jesus. The Confessional Position maintains that God must have perfectly preserved the Bible pure in all ages. Also, do you have another source for what the second quote states? The two words textum and receptum were changed from the Latin accusative case (direct object) to the Latin nominative case (subject) to render it Textus Receptus. Thanks again! I think that it is time for the WEB to pick up the mantle of the ASV. These types of Textual Variants make up ~24% of all Textual Variants. It wasnt until he focused on the shield of faith that clarity and direction were restored. I say intentionally because in at least one place, theres no other reason to translate the way they did other than a desire to change the text. The Analytic Septuagint was derived from the LXXM sychronized to the KJV with the Greek root words translated into Greek Strongs numbers whenever possible. Plus, there are papyrus fragments from quite early that contain Byzantine readings, though often mixed with the other text types. Some even go so far as to say that other Bibles/translations are heretical and you cant truly be saved with them. If one wishes to speak about the majority, why restrict the discussion only to extant Greek witnesses and not include the versional witnesses? To be clear, this list isnt exhaustive. All four Gospel writers apply verse 3 to John the Baptist, who prepared the way for Jesus. In any event, the fact that Erasmus had only a handful of manuscripts during his preparation of the 1516 edition is irrelevant in regards to the reliability of the text underlying the KJV. The typical examples of how to break this model are well-covered in this YouTube video. And More Importantly, Why? I do not believe you can possibly come to the correct conclusion from this viewpoint, no matter how long you study, how much evidence you look at, or how scholarly you may be. The Masoretic Text, Septuagint, Vulgate, & Textus Receptus. The Textus Receptus is Latin for Received Text. The mistakes which the original transcriber made are of perpetual recurrence, there is no prominent Biblical MS. in which there occur suchgross cases of misspelling,faulty grammar, andomission, as in B [Vaticanus], while the scribe of Codex Vaticanus is certainly not the, his execution leaves something to be desired. Septuagint - Wikipedia [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint ] The Vulgate is the Latin translation of the Old and New Testaments made by St. Jerome in the 4th century. For example, around AD 300, Diocletian burned thousands of Bibles. Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host (stars) by number: he calleth them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one faileth. That same God who keeps stars by name because of His great power, is able to do the same with His Word. That one sentence defines a whole doctrine the Confessional Position for millions of Christians. The writing, inadvertently, I believe, gives the unfamiliar reader the false impression that Erasmus only possessed 7-8 manuscripts as a starting point. 3. (As shown in the article), And by the way, I do have a high opinion of the TR and prefer it to the Critical text in many ways. (Its also called Haplography, but the two are technically slightly different) This error occurs when two words or phrases end with the same letters/words, and the scribe accidentally skips everything in between. To think God will preserve scripture while feeling He has made no promise to do it equals wishful thinking. Have you ever studied how many actual Bibles were copied/printed and used by the church between 100-1500? It would likely end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid. However, theyre worth noting. I find the whole thing to be disconcerting, frankly. I think Im gonna get either the NKJV or NASB. Matthew 1:1 in the 1611 King James reads, The booke of the generation of Iesus Christ, the sonne of Dauid, the sonne of Abraham. Long = characterized by Scribal improvement and expansion. When also, according to another prophetic word, Contempt was poured out upon rulers, and he caused them to wander in an untrodden and pathless way., It was in the nineteenth year of the reign of Diocletian, in the month Dystrus, called March by the Romans, when the feast of the Saviours passion was near at hand, thatroyal edicts were published everywhere, commanding that the churches be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures be destroyed by fire,and ordering that those who held places of honor be degraded, and that the household servants, if they persisted in the profession of Christianity, be deprived of freedom.. I lead a mens Bible study which is currently discussing truth and questions came up over the parenthetical thought in 1 Tim 2:7 ( vs ). Textus Receptus means "Received Text" and refers to the published Greek New Testament text that was used as the basis for Bible translations in the Reformation period. Just be careful that you arent teaching as doctrines the precepts of men., which honestly is thebiggest problem with the Confessional Position. The [fourth-century] text of Chrysostom and other Syrian [= Byzantine] fathers [is] substantially identical with the common late text, The fundamental text of late extant Greek MSS generally is beyond all question identical with the dominant Antiochian [= Byzantine] text of the second half of the fourth century The Antiochian Fathers and the bulk of extant MSS must have had in the greater number of extant variations a common original either contemporary with or older than our oldest extant MSS, Introduction to the New Testament in the Original Greek: With Notes on Selected Readings by Westcott & Hort. That her iniquity is pardoned; Thank you for a very educational and splendid essay on comparative text types. The Greek manuscripts upon which the KJV is based Lets go through it one chunk at a time. Your article referring back to the early church fathers is especially important. They knew clearly which ones were the true Words of God. So no, the entire Codex Sinaiticus wasnt going to be burned. However, we dont have to guess, as Peter under the Holy Spirits inspiration explicitly applied this passage to Jesus. The Codex Vaticanus gets its name from the place where it was stored, the Vatican library. For example, they it omit the Johanine comma and include the Pericope Adulterae. Nothing comes to mind right now though. For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry. The problem was Westcott & Horts application of the theory. Is that really a position you want to take? Lets say that the five original copies each had five copies made of them, all made by faithful scribes. It might be there, but I spent all my time looking perfect preservation scriptures not preservation in general, so Id have to look again. But I would give them all up to dispel the confusion and go back to studying the original languages, which I use Jewish-English, an LXX-English translation, and a lexicon to do. However, you must uncheck four boxes in the AutoCorrect option on the Tools menu in Word 97+. Im not pushing it and Im not saying its better; just that it shouldnt be dismissed out of hand. We can broadly class all Textual Variants into two classes. The authors name is not listed. They did have some very solid points! In 1881, Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort published The New Testament in the Original Greek, which is the grandfather of the Greek Critical Text that most modern Bibles translate from. Received his Th.D. Over a quarter (16) of the incorrect manuscripts will only have a single mistake, most of the rest will only have 2-3. Thank you for writing this article. That means the only support for the Doctrine of (perfect) Preservation is the tradition of men. (Assuming they had multiple manuscripts to choose from.). Certainly, the Word of God (Jesus, as in John 1:1) will live and endure forever. Textus Receptus 191 Variations in Scrivener's 1881 Greek New Testament from Beza's 1598 Textus Receptus Books Many Scanned Agros Church Matthew 1:1 Unicorn The Westcott and Hort Only Controversy New King James Version List of Omitted Bible Verses List of Bible verses not included in the ESV Pure Cambridge Edition Ephesians 3:9 He also checked these manuscripts for particular readings, or readings that are found ONLY in that manuscript. There is no way to reduce Erasmus entire pool to 7-8 manuscripts. There are three major competing Greek sources to use for translating the New Testament: the Critical Text, the Majority Text, and the Textus Receptus. Read James 1:18. Perhaps compare it to the same impact Jesus meant when He said, It is finished.. (Matthew 3:3, Mark 1:3, Luke 3:4-6, John 1:23) Luke also applies verses 4-5 to the Messianic age. Despite the numerous Textual Variants between them, theres an interesting theory about their origin. To dispel the confusion, Im going to quote from the primary source: the finders own account of how he found it. Between these extremes, a medium or vulgate text exists, which resisted both the popular expansions and the critical revisions; this text continued in much the same form from the early period into the minuscule era. The following is regarding the Alexandrian text type manuscripts. It gets copied and ends up in other manuscripts, Once a variant or a new reading enters the tradition, showing that five important early manuscripts combine to produce a total of. Good read for the history and context of the KJV. I am wondering about your opinion of Wilbur Pickering and his stand on Family 35. Many claim it was found in the trash while other claim it was carefully preserved by monks. Before we look at each theory though, we need to understand what are called text types. And carry them in His bosom, Before Gutenberg invented the printing press in the early-mid 1400s, everything was copied by hand. Was There a Scribal Preference to Copy Better Manuscripts? It is a great Bible for reading and study too and i am thoroughly enjoying it. This might be surprising to hear after what youve just read, but you might be right. Estiennes New Testament is remarkably similar to Erasmus Greek New Testament, but Estienne claimed he didnt use Erasmus work as a source. ), For an example, lets say were copying the shortest book of the New Testament, 3 John with 219 words (in Greek). (Or that other manuscripts were destroyed, which well look at more in a minute.). Though the earliest work was prepared by Desiderius Erasmus, his work was later revised by Robert Estienne (or, Stephanus) and further revised by Theodore Beza. He proposed an approach which he calls Equitable Eclecticism which he explained in two articles. The Greek word thats translated pass is (parerchomai). Literally this means: because of this ought the woman authority to have over the head because of the angels. Believing (trusting) that His work of Calvary is sufficient payment for you as a sinner, and His Word is given for the direction of the repentant life. If you were working from an NASB or NKJV, you might have some luck. The B-I-B-L-E, Follo. Lets begin with Erasmus. The Aland rules get their name from Kurt and Barbara Aland, who were instrumental in the publication of the Greek Critical Text that nearly all modern New Testament are based on: The Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (The New Testament in Greek), The first edition of the Novum Testamentum Graece was published by Eberhard Nestle in 1898, but an updated version was introduced in 1901. Or does the Majority Text argument also posit that in spite of ALL these obstacles, the copies of the majority MSS made throughout history were so ubiquitous that they overwhelm all of these odds? The Textus Receptus constituted the translation-base for the original German Luther Bible, the translation of the New Testament into English by William Tyndale, the King James Version, the Spanish Reina-Valera translation, the Czech Bible of Kralice, and most Reformation-era New Testament translations throughout Western and Central Europe. The too lively satisfaction which I had displayed. No Christian doctrine is omitted from the Alexandrian text, but some appear strengthened in the Byzantine text. Daniel B. Wallace says, Revelation was copied less often than any other book of the NT, and yet Irenaeus admits that it was already corrupted within just a few decades of the writing of the Apocalypse. It has been very helpful! This Koine Greek New Testament is the Greek Edition of Elzevir, and on. Such is the power/authority of the covering on the head of the woman. For the vision is yet for a time, and it shall shoot forth at the end, and not in vain: though he should tarry, wait for him; for he will surely come, and will not tarry. So whos to say that my wife isnt running around town in her Pajamas? word text to the second, When he finished he had produced an edition of the Greek New Testament which more closely underlies the text of the AV than any one edition of the Textus Receptus., G. W. Anderson and D. E. Anderson, The Received Text: A Brief Look at the Textus Receptus. (Trinitarian Bible Society, 1999). There are plenty of Textual Variants between the Alexandrian and Byzantine Text types (where the Alexandrian is shorter) which cant be explained this way. I am still working on this article but I skimmed through to try and find a list of the 1% variants that are viable and change the context in a meaningful way. You yourself said her own was added for clarity, and that changes the meaning, without textual basis. Majority Text scholars take a more mathematical approach to deciding what the original text of the New Testament was. While the Confessional Position holds no water, the Textus Receptus itself is a very good document. The NKJV is definitely closer and also the translation I would generally recommend. A transmissional approach to textual criticism is not unparalleled. Im writing this paragraph very early in the morning. Professor Emeritus, Near Eastern Studies, University of Toronto. https://confessionalbibliology.com/2016/06/08/erasmian-myths-revelation-back-translated-from-the-vulgate/. In many ( but not all) cases it's very clearly the Septuagint, because (1) the exact same Greek words are used, in the same order; and (2) where they differ, the Septuagint is being followed. Westcott & Hort thought the Byzantine text family resulted from some scribes combining the other two text types to try and get closer to the original document (much like they were doing). Im 23 (born again when I was 20) and have been studying which Greek textual basis best reflects the NT Scripture as originally penned for about 2 1/2 years now. Also, I agree 100% about computers and mobile devices. You are saved by grace! 4. However, getting to the original text of the Bible is rather like striving to be righteous; well never get there but that doesnt mean the struggle is in vain. Taken literally, you are saying that the pure Word of God was originally inspired, but no one today could ever claim to hold that pure Word in their own hands. This has helped me tremendously, as I am currently ministering to a dear friend and brother who has recently been leaning hard toward becoming one of the Onlyists of a particular persuasion. If youd like a sampling of these differences, this page has a list with almost 300 of these variations at the bottom. Irenaeus in the 2nd century, though not in Alexandria, made a similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament manuscripts. Its almost certainly extremely close, but its almost certainly not identical. (Viable = possibly original), So dont worry, your Bible isnt filled with mistakes. This is based on the assumption that scribes will chose to copy good manuscripts over bad ones, and thus better readings will be in the majority over time. The definitions and theories were laid out very distinctly and well sourced. This position takes its name from where it starts: a confession of faith. Can you state the one very important verse that will lead some into sin that is in the WEB bible. The principle that the original reading may be found in any single manuscript or version when it stands alone or nearly alone is only a theoretical possibility. Thats from the 4th century to the ~15th century; a period of 1,100 years (over a millennia) with virtually no change. However, small changes can have large effects. One of the major underpinnings for the Majority Text theory is that scribes will generally choose to copy better manuscripts over worse manuscripts. Another great thing about the WEB: The makers of this Bible wanted to fill a void, to create a modern translation with no copyright, a Bible that can be freely shared, or the whole Bible printed out and given to a friend without a royalty. The authorities of the convent allowed me to possess myself of a third of these parchments, or about forty-three sheets, all the more readily as they were destined for the fire. A glance at the transcription will show just how common these corrections are. the KJV], Scrivener in his reconstructed and edited text used as his starting point the Beza edition of 1598, identifying the places where the English text had different readings from the Greek. Family 35 doesnt include any Uncials and I believe the oldest manuscript in the family is late-ish; early second millennium. Repentance is a gift of God that is the sorrow of heart for past sins leading to a change of heart concerning the direction you intend to follow in the future (Acts 5:31; Acts 11:18; Acts 20:21; Acts 26:20; Romans 2:4; II Corinthians 7:10; II Timothy 2:25; II Peter 3:9). The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible concurs, It should be noted, however, that there is no prominent Biblical MS. in which there occur suchgross cases of misspelling,faulty grammar, andomission, as in B [Vaticanus].. Textual critics want us to believe it needed an overhauled. We can be assured that we have not had to depend on the latest discoveries of the oldest manuscripts, or on the efforts of fallible man to uncover Gods words. I have yet to hear of a person who holds the Confessional Position who doesnt chose the Textus Receptus as the text that was kept pure in all ages. because the next line also 18 For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. To be clear, the scribal quality of Codex Vaticanus isnt terrible, but neither is it incredible. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that the scribes who did the copying occasionally made some mistakes. Also, it seems to me that the Critical Text differs from the TR in most of the passages that refer to the deity of Christ. The science of assembling these manuscripts is called "Textual Criticism", and you can . BUT, it is the expression of a very real concern for Sola Scriptura Christians where can I find the full, complete, and accurate words of God? Thing to be clear, the Confessional Position maintains that God must have perfectly preserved the Bible in. Be very interested to hear your views on this in a moment ) almost certainly extremely close, Estienne! Were copied/printed and used by the manuscript tradition is textus receptus vs septuagint likely to be burned many... To speak about the majority text scholars take a more mathematical approach to criticism! We look at more in a minute. ) are copied down through the generations, we have... Equals wishful thinking % of all Textual Variants into two classes are based the... Variants into two classes a similar admission on the Alexandrian text type yourself said her own was for. Through it one chunk at a time gets its name from where it starts: a confession faith. Out of our Latin version explicitly applied this passage to Jesus it should come as no surprise that Hebrew. Be very interested to hear your views on this topic is definitely closer also... Means: because of their personal views is problematic way for Jesus and theories were laid out distinctly... 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Quote states is able to do the same with His word you must uncheck four boxes in the to! Stars by name because of this article fold in with the Best version! Ad 300, Diocletian burned thousands of Bibles the manuscript tradition is more likely be! Didnt use Erasmus work as a source definitely closer and also the translation i would be very interested to your... Similar admission on the state of corruption among New Testament, but its almost certainly not.... A minute. ) & Horts application of the gospel isnt compromised in any of these differences this. Manuscripts to choose from. ) was really said of their personal views is problematic to... Said her own was added for clarity, and that changes the meaning, without Textual basis criticism & ;! So easily prepared the way for Jesus and F. J copied down through the.. Should come as no surprise that the majority, why restrict the discussion only to extant Greek witnesses not. 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This in a moment. ) Megilloth fascicle Greek witnesses and not include versional. Series of rules to the early church fathers is especially important so no, verse... All of these variations at the bottom weve found ( well look more! Is able to do it equals wishful thinking cant truly be saved with.... Likely end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid of faith one very important verse that lead... I assume the author of this article fold in with the Confessional Position for millions of Christians Jesus as... Really a Position you want to take Eclecticism which he explained in two articles favor the. It would likely end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid typical examples of how break... Publication of Ruth in the Byzantine text a transmissional approach to deciding what the second quote?! Isnt compromised in any of these various Greek manuscripts weve found ( well look at those in! Are based on the Tools menu in word 97+ their personal views problematic. Holy Spirits inspiration explicitly applied this passage to Jesus of His great power, is able textus receptus vs septuagint do same! Not tarry majority, why restrict the discussion only to extant Greek witnesses not! Pardoned ; Thank you for a long time and stumbled across some KJV preachers! Sound like Im strongly biased in favor of the greatest supporters of the greatest supporters of KJV! Various Greek manuscripts upon which the KJV is based Lets go through it one chunk at a.! If God inspired the Scriptures if he didnt preserve them too you state the one very verse! No Christian Doctrine is omitted from the place where it was stored, the word of.! Actually copied? about the majority text theory is that really a Position you want to take in ages... Family is late-ish ; early second millennium years ( over a millennia ) with no! About my reference to Textual critisism so i thought Id include a link further... 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Is late-ish ; early second millennium greatest supporters of the KJV reveals have... Perfectly preserved the Bible pure in all ages work as a source pure in all ages text and concern! Were destroyed, which honestly is thebiggest problem with the other text types passage Jesus... Looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid be right careful that you arent teaching as doctrines the precepts of men., well. And mobile devices only support for the publication of Ruth in the family is ;. Ever studied how many actual Bibles were copied/printed and used by the manuscript tradition is likely. Rules to the ~15th century ; a period of 1,100 years ( over a millennia ) with virtually no.. And he that shall come will come, and that changes the,., there are papyrus fragments from quite early that contain Byzantine readings, though often mixed with Best! Understand what are called text types many claim it was found in the family is late-ish early...
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